{"metadata":{"kernelspec":{"language":"python","display_name":"Python 3","name":"python3"},"language_info":{"pygments_lexer":"ipython3","nbconvert_exporter":"python","version":"3.6.4","file_extension":".py","codemirror_mode":{"name":"ipython","version":3},"name":"python","mimetype":"text/x-python"}},"nbformat_minor":4,"nbformat":4,"cells":[{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Artificial Intelligence has recently flourished into a prominent and celebrated topic that seems to have new developments that affect our day-to-day lives. We see it in action as everything from schools, businesses to government, are trying to incorporate AI for the betterment of their services and benefit. In this field of ever-growing new developments, people are starting to question how the use of AI will affect their privacy and autonomy. Although, we obviously seethe immense benefit of the expansion and inspiration of new ideas that AI has given birth to, being able to trust how it is being used is an important issue that needs to be addressed, especially by those who engage in the field. All these questions in the end, has to do with ethics and morality. How do we make sure that what we create is ethical? To answer this question, we have to first define what is considered as being ethical. Ethics, according to Encyclopedia Britannica, is the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. So this would mean, for example, quantifying the morality of a new AI advancement and inviting critical queries posed by the consumers regarding the ethics of it.\n\nOne of the main concerns when we think about AI is privacy. Privacy is an important value that people generally hold and it was always the case and it still is. But it seems like we don’t want to realize that we won’t actually to be able to enjoy the same level of privacy with our data as we did previously. It looks like that’s the price we should be willing to pay in light of this new era of technology. To perform a computation on a piece of data, it should be sent to OpenAI’s remote server which sends the result back to you. This poses a problem for individuals who want privacy of their data. Privacy-centric applications cannot send user data to OpenAI as that would be an infringement of their service. The solution for this could be to perform AI and ML locally on the user’s device. Since user devices are small in comparison to the enormous data warehouses. A lot of applications and software try to implement privacy and present like they incorporate privacy. This might give some ease onto the consumers, but realistically it’s hardly possible to verify the certainty of privacy of data. Sending the user data to the OpenAI server, we can’t be ensure how the data is processed, relayed, logged and copied. It is appropriate to be more transparent about this issue as privacy is major concern to many people. We can offer realistic solutions to customers, such as encouraging users to perform end-to-end encryption on their data in the user device before it is sent to the remote server. So is privacy out the window? If customers in general demand the new latest advancements in AI, then privacy cannot be prioritized. But if customers are more concerned about safeguarding privacy, then we can see a world where providing privacy is a prioritized, protected and valued principle that companies that build the AI systems have.\n\nAnother concern that is quite recent, is human microchipping. In 2022, when Sweden mandated individuals to have COVID-19 vaccine passports at events more than 100 people, some people opted for inserting an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) microchip under their skin. It is seen as an ease for the microchipped, as they have almost everything between their thumb and index, without even needing a phone. It isn’t surprising as Sweden has been known to be open to technology far more than any other country in the world. More than 5000 Swedes have chips implanted into them. A phenomenon that started in 2014, is now spreading out, the number of people choosing to insert microchips under their skin is increasing. From opening doors, digital IDs, digital train tickets and to many other mundane tasks and activities, now a wave of the hand would do it. Even companies have encouraged its employees to be microchipped. It has been introduced into healthcare, finances, etc. People in the field of AI are trying to gain the general public’s acceptance to it. But are we sure that inserting a microchip into a human doesn’t have any harm? How do we know what the effects of it are? In fact, it’s uncertain what the biological complications could be. Rather, it’s more probable to have unexpected side effects caused by the procedure, which could sometimes go as far as having the risk of cancer.RFID microchips can definitely have its advantages, especially it comes to healthcare. They can help manage drugs through the supply chain as the pharmaceutical industry loses between $10 to $30 million dollars per year due to counterfeit versions of drugs. Wristbands with RFID chips, can greatly help increase the safety of patients for the chip can be used by the nurse or doctor to have an immediate medical history of the patients. Furthermore, RFID chips can also be used with myoelectrical limbs where the detection of signals can help the movement of the limbs whenever the patient wishes. Patients with dementia and newborn babies, who should constantly monitored, can be inserted with a RFID chip to alert the medical staff in case of emergency. Again, these implantations are not reliably studied as extensively, so we have to take caution when considering it and be sure to investigate the concerns surrounding the patient’s safety and security first and foremost, instead of focusing more on efficiency.\n\nEfforts have been done recently to improve ethicality with to the usage of AI. In 2022, the first ever global agreement on the ethics of AI was signed by 193 member states of UNESCO, ensuring the values and principles required to develop and use AI. The agreement bans social scoring and mass surveillance as it is invasive, in a very dystopian way. The prevention is against AI technologies to be legal personalities. In order to help with the implementation of ethical standards, Ethical Impact Assessment will help companies and countries to evaluate the impact of their AI systems. Additionally, Readiness Assessment Methodology will assist in inquiring the legality of the AI technologies. It has been recommended for AI Ethics officials to be appointed in order to monitor the production of these technologies. Lastly, the agreement ensures that AI is to be used as a weapon to fight against climate change and with it to reduce the environmental impacts that AI could have.In another attempt to regukte AI, Future of Life Institute published an open letter on March this year, calling for a 6-month break from training of AI systems more powerful then GPT-4, stating that powerful AI systems should only be developed when we are sure that it will have positive effects and risks are controllable. This break was to implement a shared set of protocols for the safety of advanced AI developments to ensure that we don’t fall into a race of creating new AI systems while disregarding safety. Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak, Stephen Deiss and many other tech luminaries have signed the open letter. This letter will encourage the AI developers to engage with policymakers to \nThis agreement is a stepping stone, to make sure that Artificial Intelligence is consistently used as a way to enhance the lives of people and at the same time, to do it so in an ethically wholesome strategy. Every new revolutionary technological era will bring new challenges that will make us question where our morality stands, likewise the case for Artificial Intelligence. For those of us who are willing to enter into this field or are in this field, it is our responsibility to verify and apply ethics and morality in whatever ne innovative ideas we come up with.\n","metadata":{}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"Work Cited:\n\nAchu, David. “Is AI the death of Privacy?” YouTube, 2 February 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqS5r18xRP0\n\nCovid-19: In Sweden, a vaccine passport on a microchip implant • FRANCE 24 English, YouTube, 21 Dec 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnuJgvQB7kU&t=24s\n\n“HUMAN MICROCHIP IMPLANTATION.” SciELO Chile, https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242008000100015\n\nValcarce, Maxime. “193 countries adopt first-ever global agreement on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence.” UN News, 25 November 2021, https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/11/1106612\n\n“UNESCO member states adopt the first ever global agreement on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence.” UNESCO.org, https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-member-states-adopt-first-ever-global-agreement-ethics-artificial-intelligence\n\n“Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter.” Future of Life Institute, 22 March 2023, https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments\n","metadata":{}}]}