Normally, a shear wave is generated at the ground surface using an impact method –such as striking a beam with a hammer– to induce horizontal wave motion. This wave, known as S-wave, travels through the soil and is detected after a time delay by geophones. These geophones act as wave receivers and are embedded at various depths in the subsurface, by means of a module attached to piezocone [(Campanella and Stewart, 1992)](https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/t92-052).
In geotechnical design, *Vs* is calculated from:
$$V_S=\frac{L}{t}$$
where, 'L' is the wave 1-D travel distance toward the receiver, and 't' is the time of travel.
And, *Gmax* is derived from:
\begin{equation}
G_{max} = \rho V_s^2, \hspace{1.5cm} where \hspace{0.5cm} \rho = \frac{\gamma}{g}
\end{equation}
These values are essential for modeling soil-structure interaction, particularly under dynamic and cyclic loads (e.g. wind, waves). However, *Vs* and unit weight, γ, are not readily available at all depths, and errors in *Vs* estimation propagate quadratically into *Gmax*.
## Your mission
Utilize the so-called "AI" techniques to predict:
- Shear wave velocity, *Vs*, and,
- Small-strain shear modulus, *Gmax* (for FOMLIG participants only),
using a provided real-world CPT dataset, "Train.csv", compiled from offshore projects. *You can add your own data sets also.*
There is the possibility to share your codes here on Kaggle, or elsewhere:
```
# code to print hello FOMLIG 2025
print("hello FOMLIG 2025! I'm participating in Student Competition, NextGen session! ;)")
```
## Contacts
- Mohammad Sadegh Farhadi, *mohammadsadegh.farhadi@tuni.fi*,
- Alireza Douzandeh, *alireza.duzandeh@unifi.it*,
- Arianna Pucci, *pccrnn01@uniroma2.it*, especially if you may have questions about posters format.