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  "source_url": "https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/UCL/data",
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      "name": "Background",
      "content": "<div>This contest focuses on using the nucleotide sequence of the \r\nReverse Transcriptase (RT) and Protease (PR) to predict the patient's \r\nshort-term progression. For the non-Biologist: the nucleotide sequence \r\nis the blueprint of the protein, which is the workhorse of the cell. \r\n The RT enzyme is responsible for copying the HIV-1 genome within the \r\ncell. As the HIV-1 genome is translated it is in one long string of \r\namino acids; the PR protein cuts this string into the numerous \r\nfunctional units - required by the HIV life-cycle. These are the \r\nproteins that are targeted by most HIV-1 drugs since they are mostly \r\nunique to the HIV-1 life-cycle.  </div><div><br /></div><div><p style=\"margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica;\">Along\r\n with the HIV-1 viral sequences I have provided the two common clinical \r\nindicators used to determine the \"general health\" of an HIV-1 infected \r\nindividual: Viral Load and CD4+ cell counts.  The CD4+ cell count is an \r\nestimate of the number of white-blood-cells in 1 mL of blood while the \r\nviral load is the number of viral particles in that same mL.  In this \r\ndataset the viral load is represented in a log-10 scale.  The higher the\r\n number the more \"active\" the immune system. Paradoxically higher CD4 \r\ncounts imply both a healthier individual but also a higher amount of \r\nviral reproduction (the virus primarily replicates in CD4 cells).</p></div><div><br /></div><div>If you're interested in learning more about the HIV lifecycle and HIV treatments, here are some extra resources:</div><div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV%20\" target=\"_blank\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV</a><br /></div><div><a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RO8MP3wMvqg&feature=related%20\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RO8MP3wMvqg&feature=related</a><br /></div><div><a href=\"http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/HIV/HIVTools.html%20\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/HIV/HIVTools.html</a><br /></div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_therapy#Treatment\" target=\"_blank\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_therapy#Treatment</a>",
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      "name": "data-description",
      "content": "<div id=\"data-desc\">\r\n<div><div><div>These sequences are from patients who had only recently contracted HIV-1 and had not been treated before.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Dataset is organized as follows:</div><div>Col-1: patient ID</div><div>Col-2: responder status (\"1\" for patients who improved and \"0\" otherwise)<br /></div><div>Col-3: Protease nucleotide sequence (if available)</div><div>Col-4: Reverse Transciptase nucleotide sequence (if available)</div><div>Col-5: viral load at the beginning of therapy  (log-10 units) </div><div>Col-6: CD4 count at the beginning of therapy</div><div><br /></div><div>The\r\n Responder status indicates whether the patient improved after 16 weeks \r\nof therapy.  Improvement is defined as a 100-fold decrease in the HIV-1 \r\nviral load.</div><div><br /></div><div>There's a brief description of \r\nProtease nucleotide sequence, Reverse Transciptase nucleotide sequence, \r\nviral load and CD4 count on the background page. </div><div><br /></div><div>training_data.csv is the training dataset used to calibrate your model. </div><div>test_data.csv is the test datset used to generate submissions.<br /><br />Your submission must contain predictions for 692 patients. <br />Submissions must be in CSV format. template.csv is a submission template. You are expected to fill your predicted responder status in column 2. A responder status of 1 indicates that a patient has improved; or 0 otherwise. example.csv is an example submission.<br /></div></div></div></div>",
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      "name": "Description",
      "content": "<div><div>According to the World Health Organization, HIV has caused 25 \r\nmillions deaths worldwide since it was first recognized in 1981. In \r\nrecent years, the infection has been managed with a collection of \r\ntherapies. However, the virus will likely evolve around these drugs, \r\nmaking it crucially important that we get a better understanding of the \r\nvirus itself. </div><div><br /></div><div>An important step in \r\nunderstanding the virus, is to get a handle on its genetic blueprint. \r\nThis competition aims to do this by having contestants find markers in \r\nthe HIV sequence which predict a change in the severity of the infection\r\n (as measured by viral load and CD4 counts).</div><div><br /></div><div>Models\r\n can be trained using the records of 1,000 patients. To predict an \r\nimprovement in a patient's viral load, competitors will be provided with\r\n data on the nucleotide sequences of their Reverse Transcriptase (RT) \r\ntheir Protease (PR) and their viral load and CD4 count at the beginning \r\nof therapy. There is a brief discussion of the science of these \r\nvariables in the Background section, but no knowledge of biology is \r\nnecessary to succeed in this competition. Competitors' predictions will \r\nbe tested on a dataset containing 692 patients.         <br /><br />The competition is being run by <a target=\"_blank\" mce_href=\"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/complex/\" href=\"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/complex/\">http://www.ucl.ac.uk/complex/</a>.<br /></div></div>",
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      "name": "Evaluation",
      "content": "<div>The evaluation method is the misclassification error rate, which \r\ncalculates the number of incorrect predictions as a proportion of the \r\ntotal number of predictions. This means that a contestant is punished \r\nequally for a false positive and a false negative prediction.</div><div><br /></div>The\r\n score quoted on the leaderboard is 1 less the misclassification rate - \r\nso the higher the score the better. Also note that the public \r\nleaderboard is calculated based on 30 per cent of the submission to \r\nprevent contestants from overfitting their models. The full leaderboard \r\nwill be revealed after the competition deadline passes.  ",
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    {
      "name": "Rules",
      "content": "\r\n\t<!-- Begin Base Rules -->\r\n    <h3>One account per participant</h3>\r\n    <p>You cannot sign up to Kaggle from multiple accounts and therefore you cannot submit from multiple accounts.</p>\r\n    <h3>No private sharing outside teams</h3>\r\n    <p>\r\n        Privately sharing code or data outside of teams is not permitted.\r\n        It's okay to share code if made available to all participants on the forums.\r\n    </p>\r\n    <h3>Team Mergers</h3>\r\n    <p>\r\n        Team mergers are allowed and can be performed by the team leader. In order to merge, the combined team must have a total submission count less than or equal to the maximum allowed as of the merge date. The maximum allowed is the number of submissions per day multiplied by the number of days the competition has been running.<br/>\r\n    </p>\r\n\r\n    <h3>Team Limits</h3>\r\n    <p>There is no maximum team size.</p>\r\n    <h3>Submission Limits</h3>\r\n    <p>You may submit a maximum of 2 entries per day.</p>\r\n    <p>You may select up to 5 final submissions for judging.</p>\r\n    <h3>Competition Timeline</h3>\r\n    <p>Start Date: <strong>2/7/2010 12:00 AM UTC</strong></p>\r\n    <p>Merger Deadline: <strong>None</strong></p>\r\n    <p>Entry Deadline: <strong>None</strong></p>\r\n    <p>End Date: <strong>12/16/2010 10:00 PM UTC</strong></p>\r\n\t<!-- End Base Rules -->\r\n",
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