{
  "id": 704651,
  "title": "Multi-Attempt Tool-Augmented LLM for Olympiad-Level Math Reasoning",
  "content": "<h2>1. Overview</h2>\n<p>This solution presents a fully integrated <strong>LLM-based mathematical reasoning system</strong> designed to solve AIMO3 olympiad-level problems through a combination of:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Large-scale language model inference (vLLM)</li>\n<li>Multi-attempt stochastic reasoning</li>\n<li>Tool-augmented Python execution (Jupyter sandbox)</li>\n<li>Entropy-aware confidence estimation</li>\n<li>Weighted ensemble answer selection</li>\n<li>Budget-aware inference scheduling</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Rather than relying on single-pass generation, the system transforms the model into a <strong>search-based reasoning engine</strong> that explores multiple solution paths per problem and aggregates results using uncertainty-informed voting.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>2. Model and Inference Infrastructure</h2>\n<p>We deploy a large transformer model served via <strong>vLLM OpenAI-compatible API server</strong>, enabling high-throughput streaming inference.</p>\n<p>Key optimizations include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>FP8 KV-cache quantization for memory efficiency</li>\n<li>Tensor-parallel inference configuration</li>\n<li>Prefix caching and async scheduling</li>\n<li>GPU memory utilization tuned to near saturation (0.96)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>To reduce cold-start latency, model weights are preloaded into OS page cache prior to inference.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>3. Reasoning Architecture</h2>\n<h3>3.1 Structured Reasoning Prompt</h3>\n<p>Each problem is solved using a structured reasoning protocol:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand the problem</li>\n<li>Explore multiple strategies</li>\n<li>Plan a solution path</li>\n<li>Execute step-by-step reasoning</li>\n<li>Verify correctness</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The model is explicitly instructed to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Provide step-by-step reasoning</li>\n<li>Perform verification checks</li>\n<li>Output final answers in <code>\\boxed{}</code> format within range [0, 99999]</li>\n</ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>3.2 Multi-Attempt Stochastic Search</h3>\n<p>For each problem, the system performs multiple independent reasoning attempts (default: 8), each with different random seeds.</p>\n<p>This converts deterministic inference into a <strong>stochastic reasoning search process</strong>, increasing coverage of possible solution paths.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>4. Tool-Augmented Reasoning System</h2>\n<h3>4.1 Python Execution Sandbox</h3>\n<p>We implement a persistent Jupyter-based sandbox for code execution. Each sandbox:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maintains state across executions</li>\n<li>Supports math, numpy, sympy, and mpmath</li>\n<li>Uses high-precision arithmetic (mpmath.dps = 64)</li>\n<li>Executes within strict timeout constraints</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This enables:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Symbolic computation</li>\n<li>Numerical verification</li>\n<li>Brute-force validation for small cases</li>\n<li>Experimentation with conjectures</li>\n</ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>4.2 Tool Integration Loop</h3>\n<p>The LLM can invoke Python execution dynamically during reasoning. Tool outputs are fed back into the conversation, enabling a <strong>closed-loop reasoning cycle</strong> between:</p>\n<blockquote>\n  <p>language reasoning ↔ executable computation</p>\n</blockquote>\n<hr>\n<h2>5. Uncertainty Estimation</h2>\n<p>To evaluate reasoning quality, we compute <strong>mean entropy over token-level log probabilities</strong>.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Low entropy → confident reasoning trajectory</li>\n<li>High entropy → uncertain or unstable reasoning</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This metric is used later for weighted answer aggregation.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>6. Answer Extraction and Normalization</h2>\n<p>Final answers are extracted using robust pattern matching from:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\\boxed{answer}</code> format</li>\n<li>natural language patterns (“final answer is …”)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>All extracted values are validated to ensure they fall within the required range [0, 99999].</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>7. Ensemble Selection Strategy</h2>\n<h3>7.1 Early Stopping</h3>\n<p>If multiple attempts converge to the same answer (default threshold ≥ 4), inference is stopped early to reduce computation cost.</p>\n<hr>\n<h3>7.2 Entropy-Weighted Voting</h3>\n<p>Final answer selection is performed using a weighted voting scheme:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Each attempt contributes a vote</li>\n<li>Weight is inversely proportional to entropy:</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This ensures that more confident reasoning paths have higher influence on the final decision.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>8. Compute Budget Management</h2>\n<p>The system dynamically allocates computation time per problem based on:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total notebook time limit</li>\n<li>Remaining problems</li>\n<li>Per-problem base timeout constraints</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This ensures balanced compute distribution across the full evaluation set.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>9. Execution Sandbox Pool</h2>\n<p>To support parallel reasoning, we maintain a pool of persistent Jupyter kernels:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pre-initialized at startup</li>\n<li>Thread-safe access via queue</li>\n<li>Reused across attempts</li>\n<li>Reset after each problem</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This avoids repeated kernel initialization overhead and ensures scalability across multiple inference threads.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>10. Inference Pipeline (End-to-End)</h2>\n<p>For each problem:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><p>Input is formatted with system + tool prompts</p></li>\n<li><p>Multiple reasoning attempts are launched in parallel</p></li>\n<li><p>Each attempt performs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>LLM generation (streaming)</li>\n<li>Optional Python tool execution</li>\n<li>Answer extraction</li></ul></li>\n<li><p>Results are aggregated using entropy-weighted voting</p></li>\n<li><p>Final answer is selected and returned</p></li>\n</ol>\n<hr>\n<h2>11. Submission Interface</h2>\n<p>The system is deployed via Kaggle inference API:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Input: problem id + question text</li>\n<li>Output: dataframe with <code>{id, answer}</code></li>\n<li>Compatible with both local gateway and competition rerun environment</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Memory cleanup is performed after each inference to ensure stability under sequential evaluation.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>12. Key Contributions</h2>\n<p>This solution introduces a unified framework combining:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Multi-sample stochastic reasoning</li>\n<li>Tool-augmented execution (Python sandbox)</li>\n<li>Uncertainty-aware evaluation (entropy scoring)</li>\n<li>Ensemble-based answer selection</li>\n<li>Budget-aware inference scheduling</li>\n</ul>\n<hr>\n<h2>13. Conclusion</h2>\n<p>The proposed system transforms a large language model into a <strong>search-driven mathematical reasoning engine</strong>, capable of exploring multiple solution trajectories, verifying results via executable computation, and selecting final answers through uncertainty-weighted consensus.</p>\n<p>This design improves robustness over single-pass inference by combining:</p>\n<blockquote>\n  <p>reasoning diversity + tool execution + probabilistic aggregation</p>\n</blockquote>\n<hr>",
  "comments": [],
  "comment_count": 0,
  "messages": [
    {
      "id": 3467175,
      "postDate": "2026-06-05T15:49:10.993Z",
      "content": "<h2>1. Overview</h2>\n<p>This solution presents a fully integrated <strong>LLM-based mathematical reasoning system</strong> designed to solve AIMO3 olympiad-level problems through a combination of:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Large-scale language model inference (vLLM)</li>\n<li>Multi-attempt stochastic reasoning</li>\n<li>Tool-augmented Python execution (Jupyter sandbox)</li>\n<li>Entropy-aware confidence estimation</li>\n<li>Weighted ensemble answer selection</li>\n<li>Budget-aware inference scheduling</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Rather than relying on single-pass generation, the system transforms the model into a <strong>search-based reasoning engine</strong> that explores multiple solution paths per problem and aggregates results using uncertainty-informed voting.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>2. Model and Inference Infrastructure</h2>\n<p>We deploy a large transformer model served via <strong>vLLM OpenAI-compatible API server</strong>, enabling high-throughput streaming inference.</p>\n<p>Key optimizations include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>FP8 KV-cache quantization for memory efficiency</li>\n<li>Tensor-parallel inference configuration</li>\n<li>Prefix caching and async scheduling</li>\n<li>GPU memory utilization tuned to near saturation (0.96)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>To reduce cold-start latency, model weights are preloaded into OS page cache prior to inference.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>3. Reasoning Architecture</h2>\n<h3>3.1 Structured Reasoning Prompt</h3>\n<p>Each problem is solved using a structured reasoning protocol:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand the problem</li>\n<li>Explore multiple strategies</li>\n<li>Plan a solution path</li>\n<li>Execute step-by-step reasoning</li>\n<li>Verify correctness</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The model is explicitly instructed to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Provide step-by-step reasoning</li>\n<li>Perform verification checks</li>\n<li>Output final answers in <code>\\boxed{}</code> format within range [0, 99999]</li>\n</ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>3.2 Multi-Attempt Stochastic Search</h3>\n<p>For each problem, the system performs multiple independent reasoning attempts (default: 8), each with different random seeds.</p>\n<p>This converts deterministic inference into a <strong>stochastic reasoning search process</strong>, increasing coverage of possible solution paths.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>4. Tool-Augmented Reasoning System</h2>\n<h3>4.1 Python Execution Sandbox</h3>\n<p>We implement a persistent Jupyter-based sandbox for code execution. Each sandbox:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maintains state across executions</li>\n<li>Supports math, numpy, sympy, and mpmath</li>\n<li>Uses high-precision arithmetic (mpmath.dps = 64)</li>\n<li>Executes within strict timeout constraints</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This enables:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Symbolic computation</li>\n<li>Numerical verification</li>\n<li>Brute-force validation for small cases</li>\n<li>Experimentation with conjectures</li>\n</ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>4.2 Tool Integration Loop</h3>\n<p>The LLM can invoke Python execution dynamically during reasoning. Tool outputs are fed back into the conversation, enabling a <strong>closed-loop reasoning cycle</strong> between:</p>\n<blockquote>\n  <p>language reasoning ↔ executable computation</p>\n</blockquote>\n<hr>\n<h2>5. Uncertainty Estimation</h2>\n<p>To evaluate reasoning quality, we compute <strong>mean entropy over token-level log probabilities</strong>.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Low entropy → confident reasoning trajectory</li>\n<li>High entropy → uncertain or unstable reasoning</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This metric is used later for weighted answer aggregation.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>6. Answer Extraction and Normalization</h2>\n<p>Final answers are extracted using robust pattern matching from:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\\boxed{answer}</code> format</li>\n<li>natural language patterns (“final answer is …”)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>All extracted values are validated to ensure they fall within the required range [0, 99999].</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>7. Ensemble Selection Strategy</h2>\n<h3>7.1 Early Stopping</h3>\n<p>If multiple attempts converge to the same answer (default threshold ≥ 4), inference is stopped early to reduce computation cost.</p>\n<hr>\n<h3>7.2 Entropy-Weighted Voting</h3>\n<p>Final answer selection is performed using a weighted voting scheme:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Each attempt contributes a vote</li>\n<li>Weight is inversely proportional to entropy:</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This ensures that more confident reasoning paths have higher influence on the final decision.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>8. Compute Budget Management</h2>\n<p>The system dynamically allocates computation time per problem based on:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total notebook time limit</li>\n<li>Remaining problems</li>\n<li>Per-problem base timeout constraints</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This ensures balanced compute distribution across the full evaluation set.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>9. Execution Sandbox Pool</h2>\n<p>To support parallel reasoning, we maintain a pool of persistent Jupyter kernels:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pre-initialized at startup</li>\n<li>Thread-safe access via queue</li>\n<li>Reused across attempts</li>\n<li>Reset after each problem</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This avoids repeated kernel initialization overhead and ensures scalability across multiple inference threads.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>10. Inference Pipeline (End-to-End)</h2>\n<p>For each problem:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><p>Input is formatted with system + tool prompts</p></li>\n<li><p>Multiple reasoning attempts are launched in parallel</p></li>\n<li><p>Each attempt performs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>LLM generation (streaming)</li>\n<li>Optional Python tool execution</li>\n<li>Answer extraction</li></ul></li>\n<li><p>Results are aggregated using entropy-weighted voting</p></li>\n<li><p>Final answer is selected and returned</p></li>\n</ol>\n<hr>\n<h2>11. Submission Interface</h2>\n<p>The system is deployed via Kaggle inference API:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Input: problem id + question text</li>\n<li>Output: dataframe with <code>{id, answer}</code></li>\n<li>Compatible with both local gateway and competition rerun environment</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Memory cleanup is performed after each inference to ensure stability under sequential evaluation.</p>\n<hr>\n<h2>12. Key Contributions</h2>\n<p>This solution introduces a unified framework combining:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Multi-sample stochastic reasoning</li>\n<li>Tool-augmented execution (Python sandbox)</li>\n<li>Uncertainty-aware evaluation (entropy scoring)</li>\n<li>Ensemble-based answer selection</li>\n<li>Budget-aware inference scheduling</li>\n</ul>\n<hr>\n<h2>13. Conclusion</h2>\n<p>The proposed system transforms a large language model into a <strong>search-driven mathematical reasoning engine</strong>, capable of exploring multiple solution trajectories, verifying results via executable computation, and selecting final answers through uncertainty-weighted consensus.</p>\n<p>This design improves robustness over single-pass inference by combining:</p>\n<blockquote>\n  <p>reasoning diversity + tool execution + probabilistic aggregation</p>\n</blockquote>\n<hr>",
      "rawMarkdown": "## 1. Overview\n\nThis solution presents a fully integrated **LLM-based mathematical reasoning system** designed to solve AIMO3 olympiad-level problems through a combination of:\n\n* Large-scale language model inference (vLLM)\n* Multi-attempt stochastic reasoning\n* Tool-augmented Python execution (Jupyter sandbox)\n* Entropy-aware confidence estimation\n* Weighted ensemble answer selection\n* Budget-aware inference scheduling\n\nRather than relying on single-pass generation, the system transforms the model into a **search-based reasoning engine** that explores multiple solution paths per problem and aggregates results using uncertainty-informed voting.\n\n---\n\n## 2. Model and Inference Infrastructure\n\nWe deploy a large transformer model served via **vLLM OpenAI-compatible API server**, enabling high-throughput streaming inference.\n\nKey optimizations include:\n\n* FP8 KV-cache quantization for memory efficiency\n* Tensor-parallel inference configuration\n* Prefix caching and async scheduling\n* GPU memory utilization tuned to near saturation (0.96)\n\nTo reduce cold-start latency, model weights are preloaded into OS page cache prior to inference.\n\n---\n\n## 3. Reasoning Architecture\n\n### 3.1 Structured Reasoning Prompt\n\nEach problem is solved using a structured reasoning protocol:\n\n* Understand the problem\n* Explore multiple strategies\n* Plan a solution path\n* Execute step-by-step reasoning\n* Verify correctness\n\nThe model is explicitly instructed to:\n\n* Provide step-by-step reasoning\n* Perform verification checks\n* Output final answers in `\\boxed{}` format within range [0, 99999]\n\n---\n\n### 3.2 Multi-Attempt Stochastic Search\n\nFor each problem, the system performs multiple independent reasoning attempts (default: 8), each with different random seeds.\n\nThis converts deterministic inference into a **stochastic reasoning search process**, increasing coverage of possible solution paths.\n\n---\n\n## 4. Tool-Augmented Reasoning System\n\n### 4.1 Python Execution Sandbox\n\nWe implement a persistent Jupyter-based sandbox for code execution. Each sandbox:\n\n* Maintains state across executions\n* Supports math, numpy, sympy, and mpmath\n* Uses high-precision arithmetic (mpmath.dps = 64)\n* Executes within strict timeout constraints\n\nThis enables:\n\n* Symbolic computation\n* Numerical verification\n* Brute-force validation for small cases\n* Experimentation with conjectures\n\n---\n\n### 4.2 Tool Integration Loop\n\nThe LLM can invoke Python execution dynamically during reasoning. Tool outputs are fed back into the conversation, enabling a **closed-loop reasoning cycle** between:\n\n> language reasoning ↔ executable computation\n\n---\n\n## 5. Uncertainty Estimation\n\nTo evaluate reasoning quality, we compute **mean entropy over token-level log probabilities**.\n\n* Low entropy → confident reasoning trajectory\n* High entropy → uncertain or unstable reasoning\n\nThis metric is used later for weighted answer aggregation.\n\n---\n\n## 6. Answer Extraction and Normalization\n\nFinal answers are extracted using robust pattern matching from:\n\n* `\\boxed{answer}` format\n* natural language patterns (“final answer is ...”)\n\nAll extracted values are validated to ensure they fall within the required range [0, 99999].\n\n---\n\n## 7. Ensemble Selection Strategy\n\n### 7.1 Early Stopping\n\nIf multiple attempts converge to the same answer (default threshold ≥ 4), inference is stopped early to reduce computation cost.\n\n---\n\n### 7.2 Entropy-Weighted Voting\n\nFinal answer selection is performed using a weighted voting scheme:\n\n* Each attempt contributes a vote\n* Weight is inversely proportional to entropy:\n\nThis ensures that more confident reasoning paths have higher influence on the final decision.\n\n---\n\n## 8. Compute Budget Management\n\nThe system dynamically allocates computation time per problem based on:\n\n* Total notebook time limit\n* Remaining problems\n* Per-problem base timeout constraints\n\nThis ensures balanced compute distribution across the full evaluation set.\n\n---\n\n## 9. Execution Sandbox Pool\n\nTo support parallel reasoning, we maintain a pool of persistent Jupyter kernels:\n\n* Pre-initialized at startup\n* Thread-safe access via queue\n* Reused across attempts\n* Reset after each problem\n\nThis avoids repeated kernel initialization overhead and ensures scalability across multiple inference threads.\n\n---\n\n## 10. Inference Pipeline (End-to-End)\n\nFor each problem:\n\n1. Input is formatted with system + tool prompts\n2. Multiple reasoning attempts are launched in parallel\n3. Each attempt performs:\n\n   * LLM generation (streaming)\n   * Optional Python tool execution\n   * Answer extraction\n4. Results are aggregated using entropy-weighted voting\n5. Final answer is selected and returned\n\n---\n\n## 11. Submission Interface\n\nThe system is deployed via Kaggle inference API:\n\n* Input: problem id + question text\n* Output: dataframe with `{id, answer}`\n* Compatible with both local gateway and competition rerun environment\n\nMemory cleanup is performed after each inference to ensure stability under sequential evaluation.\n\n---\n\n## 12. Key Contributions\n\nThis solution introduces a unified framework combining:\n\n* Multi-sample stochastic reasoning\n* Tool-augmented execution (Python sandbox)\n* Uncertainty-aware evaluation (entropy scoring)\n* Ensemble-based answer selection\n* Budget-aware inference scheduling\n\n---\n\n## 13. Conclusion\n\nThe proposed system transforms a large language model into a **search-driven mathematical reasoning engine**, capable of exploring multiple solution trajectories, verifying results via executable computation, and selecting final answers through uncertainty-weighted consensus.\n\nThis design improves robustness over single-pass inference by combining:\n\n> reasoning diversity + tool execution + probabilistic aggregation\n\n---",
      "votes": 2
    }
  ],
  "complete": true,
  "source": "live",
  "fetched_at": "2026-10-20T04:27:23Z",
  "competition_id": 118448,
  "competition_slug": "ai-mathematical-olympiad-progress-prize-3",
  "team_id": 15266969,
  "solution_url": "/competitions/ai-mathematical-olympiad-progress-prize-3/writeups/multi-attempt-tool-augmented-llm-for-olympiad-leve"
}