# Data Rush: UNT's Ultimate Regression Challenge — Data

来源：https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/data-rush-unts-ultimate-regression-challenge/data

采集时间：2026-10-20T10:38:18Z

# **About Dataset**

This collection of data provides approximations of the percentage of body fat, which were obtained by measuring body circumference and using underwater weighing methods for 252 men. Multiple regression methods can be utilized to forecast the correct body fat measurements. It is challenging and expensive to measure body fat accurately, and it would be beneficial to have simple and inexpensive ways to estimate body fat.

#**Dataset Files**
The challenge will provide a dataset named 'bodyfat.csv'. To prepare the data for modeling, you will need to use various cleaning and preprocessing techniques. Once done, the data will be divided into train and test sets to train models and determine the best model for predicting body fat percentage.

file - `bodyfat-data.csv` [Attached in this window]
testing data - `bodyfat-validate.csv` [Attached in this window]
Below are the listed variables in the dataset...

* Density determined from underwater weighing
* Percent body fat from Siri's (1956) equation
* Age (years)
* Weight (lbs)
* Height (inches)
* Neck circumference (cm)
* Chest circumference (cm)
* Abdomen 2 circumferences (cm)
* Hip circumference (cm)
* Thigh circumference (cm)
* Knee circumference (cm)
* Ankle circumference (cm)
* Biceps (extended) circumference (cm)
* Forearm circumference (cm)
* Wrist circumference (cm)

*Note*
*(Measurement standards are apparently those listed in Behnke and Wilmore (1974), pp. 45-48 where, for instance, the abdomen 2 circumference is measured "laterally, at the level of the iliac crests, and anteriorly, at the umbilicus".)*

These data are used to produce the predictive equations for lean body weight given in the abstract "Generalized body composition prediction equation for men using simple measurement techniques", K.W. Penrose, A.G. Nelson, A.G. Fisher, FACSM, Human Performance Research Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 as listed in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 17, no. 2, April 1985, p. 189. (The predictive equation was obtained from the first 143 of the 252 cases that are listed below).

#**More details**

A variety of popular health books suggest that the readers assess their health, at least in part, by estimating their percentage of body fat. In Bailey (1994), for instance, the reader can estimate body fat from tables using their age and various skin-fold measurements obtained by using a caliper. Other texts give predictive equations for body fat using body circumference measurements (e.g. abdominal circumference) and/or skin-fold measurements. See, for instance, Behnke and Wilmore (1974), pp. 66-67; Wilmore (1976), p. 247; or Katch and McArdle (1977), pp. 120-132).

The percentage of body fat for an individual can be estimated once body density has been determined. Folks (e.g. Siri (1956)) assume that the body consists of two components - lean body tissue and fat tissue. Letting:

- D = Body Density (gm/cm^3)
- A = proportion of lean body tissue
- B = proportion of fat tissue (A+B=1)
- a = density of lean body tissue (gm/cm^3)
- b = density of fat tissue (gm/cm^3)

we have:

D = 1/[(A/a) + (B/b)]

solving for B we find:

B = (1/D)*[ab/(a-b)] - [b/(a-b)].

Using the estimates a=1.10 gm/cm^3 and b=0.90 gm/cm^3 (see Katch and McArdle (1977), p. 111 or Wilmore (1976), p. 123) we come up with "Siri's equation":

Percentage of Body Fat (i.e. 100*B) = 495/D - 450.

Volume, and hence body density, can be accurately measured in a variety of ways. The technique of underwater weighing "computes body volume as the difference between body weight measured in air and weight measured during water submersion. In other words, body volume is equal to the loss of weight in
water with the appropriate temperature correction for the water's density" (Katch and McArdle (1977), p. 113). Using this technique,

Body Density = WA/[(WA-WW)/c.f. - LV]

where:

- WA = Weight in the air (kg)
- WW = Weight in water (kg)
- c.f. = Water correction factor (=1 at 39.2 deg F as one gram of water occupies exactly one cm^3 at this temperature, =.997 at 76-78 deg F)
- LV = Residual Lung Volume (liters)
(Katch and McArdle (1977), p. 115). Other methods of determining body volume are given in Behnke and Wilmore (1974), p. 22 ff.

#**Source**

The information was collected from Kaggle and was originally provided by Dr. A. Garth Fisher who permitted the data to be distributed freely and utilized for non-commercial purposes.

#**References**

1. Bailey, Covert (1994). Smart Exercise: Burning Fat, Getting Fit, Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston, pp. 179-186.

2. Behnke, A.R. and Wilmore, J.H. (1974). Evaluation and Regulation of Body Build and Composition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

3. Siri, W.E. (1956), "Gross composition of the body", in Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, vol. IV, edited by J.H. Lawrence and C.A. Tobias, Academic Press, Inc., New York.

4. Katch, Frank and McArdle, William (1977). Nutrition, Weight Control, and Exercise, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.

5. Wilmore, Jack (1976). Athletic Training and Physical Fitness: Physiological Principles of the Conditioning Process, Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston.