When analyzing the train dataset I noticed a possible discrepancy in how some logograms are transliterated. Shining some light on the matter would help normalizing the texts.
\nThis one is used predominantly in a prefix position (as part of the name, which is suggested by the hyphen in translations).
\nSome transliterations and translations do not match, which I found to be normal in some cases, but here I'm not sure. Either is an error or makes the transliteration more complicated (many signs have an identical translation).
\nIn 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e the transliteration of MAN-a-šur is translated as Puzur-Aššur\nIn 0480d321-8019-4775-bb29-5ac41b659c02 the transliteration PUZUR₄-a-mur is translated as Puzur-Aššur.
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| KIŠIB ma-nu-ba-lúm-a-šur DUMU ṣí-lá-(d)IM KIŠIB šu-(d)EN.LÍL DUMU ma-nu-ki-a-šur KIŠIB \n*MAN-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a* 0.33333 ma-na 2 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR SIG₅ i-ṣé-er PUZUR₄-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a a-lá-ḫu-um i-šu iš-tù ḫa-muš-tim ša ì-lí-dan ITU.KAM ša ke-na-tim li-mu-um e-na-sú-in a-na ITU 14 ḫa-am-ša-tim i-ša-qal šu-ma lá iš-qú-ul 1.5 GÍN.TA a-na 1 ma-na-im i-na ITU.1.KAM ṣí-ib-tám ú-ṣa-áb\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Seal of Mannum-balum-Aššur son of Ṣilli-Adad, seal of Šu-Illil son of Mannum-kī-Aššur, seal of *Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya*. Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya owes 22 shekels of good silver to Ali-ahum. Reckoned from the week of Ilī-dan, month of Ša-kēnātim, in the eponymy of Enna-Suen, he will pay in 14 weeks. If he has not paid in time, he will add interest at the rate 1.5 shekel per mina per month.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 020aa8bd-69a4-43a9-8120-efd9e587bb1c |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| i-ku-pí-a ù en-um-a-šur iṣ-bu-tù-ni-a-tí-ma um-ma i-ku-pì-a-ma a-na en-um-a-šur-ma 5 GÚ URUDU ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am ḫu-ub-lam-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU li-pu-ul-kà 5 GÚ URUDU ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am en-um-a-šur a-na i-ku-pí-a iḫ-bu-ul-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU en-um-a-šur e-pu-ul um-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU-ma a-na 15 u₄-me-e 5 GÚ URUDU-a-kà a-na-ku a-ša-qá-lá-ku-um um-ma en-um-a-šur-ma šu-ma-ba i-na 15 u₄-me-e u₄-mu-ú mì-ma e-ta-at-qú um-ma i-ku-pí-a-ma 5 GÚ URUDU-a-kà ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am PUZUR₄-(d)UTU li-iš-qú-lá-kum a-na ṣí-ib-tim ma-lá u₄-mu e-tí-qú-ni-ni i-a-tí URUDU a-nim a-na 4 u₄-me DINGIR i-ša-ḫi-iṭ-ma ḫa-muš-tum ša (d)IM-ṣú-lu-li x x-x ITU.KAM ku-zal-li li-mu-um ṣí-lu-lu um-ma i-ku-pí-a-ma a-na en-um-a-šur-ma i-nu-mì a-na pu-ru-uš-ḫa-dim té-ra-ba-ni ù a-ta ša KÙ.BABBAR 1 ma-na ù 2 ma-na a-na-aḫ-ta-kà ta-lá-qé-ma ù a-na-ku lá-ag-mì-il₅-kà a-na a-wa-tim a-ni-a-tim kà-ru-um wa-aḫ-šu-ša-na i-dí-ni-a-tí-ma IGI GÍR ša a-šu\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Ikūn-pīya and Ennam-Aššur seized us, and Ikūn-pīya said to Ennam-Aššur: Lend me 5 talents of washed, broken copper, and have Puzur-Šamaš reimburse you.\" Ennam-Aššur lent 5 talents of washed, broken copper to Ikūn-pīya and Puzur-Šamaš should reimburse Ennam-Aššur. Puzur-Šamaš said: \"Within 15 days I shall personally pay you your 5 talents of copper.\" Ennam-Aššur answered: \"What then if indeed on the 15th day your terms become exceeded at all?\" Ikūn-pīya answered: \"Let Puzur-Šamaš pay you your 5 talents of washed, broken copper. As for the interest, as much as the term is exceeded this copper is my obligation.\" In 4 days the god will rise and it is the week of Adad-ṣulūlī ... month Kuzallu, eponymy Ṣilūlu. Ikūn-pīya continued saying to Ennam-Aššur: \"When you arrive at Purušhaddum, then you will personally receive your earnings from 1 or 2 minas of silver, and thus I shall do you a favour myself.\" The Wahšušana colony gave us for these proceedings and we gave our testimony before Aššur's dagger. Witnessed by Aššur-idī, by Elāli; Puzur-ilī son of Balzuenum was our (absent) partner. \"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 02df45ee-6d74-46fb-9870-3e546ce7d304 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na PUZUR₄-(d)IM lá-dí-a en-um-a-šur en-na-sú-in a-šur-i-dí i-ku-pí-a ù li-lá qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr ù a-lá-ḫu-um-ma i-na 40 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša i-dí-a-šur um-me-a-ni e-pu-lu ša 22 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša li-bi₄ a-lá-ḫi-im KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu a-na-kam né-nu um-me-a-ni nu-ṭá-ib ŠÀ.BA ša 22 GÚ URUDU qá-ta-tí-šu-nu ì-lí-a i-tur₄-DINGIR ù i-dí-ku-bu-um KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu il₅-qé-ú ší-tí URUDU 18 GÚ 6 ma-na URUDU i li-bi i-dí-a-šur a-lá-an a-nim mì-ma i li-bi-šu ú-lá i-ba-ší šu-ma a-na qá-ta-tí-šu-nu en-um-a-šur ù i-ku-pí-a i-ma-ṣí-ú qá-ta-tí-šu-nu li-il₅-qé-ú-ma ší-bi šu-uk-na-šu-nu-tí bé-lu-ni a-tù-nu ú tí-ir-ta-ku-nu li-li-kam ù bé-lu KÙ.BABBAR ma-du-tum ša lá il₅-qé-ú-ni a-ḫu-ru\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Puzur-Adad, Ladiya, Ennam-Aššur, Enna-Suen, Aššur-idī, Ikūn-pīya and Lila from Ennam-Aššur and Ali-ahum: Of the 40 talents of good copper about which Iddin-Aššur reached an agreement with the investors, we have here satisfied in silver the investors for the 22 talents of good copper that was in Ali-ahum's possession. Thereof, for the 22 talents of copper, their shares, Iliya, Itūr-ilī and Iddin-Kūbum have received its value in silver. The rest of the copper, 18 talents 6 minas of copper, is in Iddin-Aššur's possession. Apart from this nothing is in his possession. If Ennam-Aššur and Ikūn-pīya take responsibility for their shares, they may receive their shares, but set witnesses for them. Our dear lords, also, send us word, for a great many creditors who have received nothing remain.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 041c9029-8f6f-40f8-989b-77a75878221c |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na a-lá-ḫi-im qí-bi₄-ma um-ma PUZUR₄-a-šur-ma 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-na pá-ni-a ša a-ḫu-zu-ma tù-šé-bi₄-lá-ni 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ku-nu-ki-a en-na-num DUMU ku-zi-a ub-lá-ku-um a-ḫi a-ta na-áš-pè-ra-tim ša a-lim(ki) ša en-na-num ub-lá-ku-ni i-ḫi-id-ma a ba-tí-qí-im pá-ni-im-ma dí-in-ma lu-ub-lu iš-tí wa-ṣí-im pá-ni-im-ma lu-ṣí-am\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Ali-ahum from Puzur-Aššur: 0.5 mina of silver that I acquired for myself(?) and you sent to me, 0.5 mina of silver under my seal Ennānum son of Kuziya brought to you. My dear brother, pay attention to the missives from the City that Ennānum brought to you, and give it (an answer?) to the very first express transport so they may bring it. He should leave with the first travellers to depart.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0480d321-8019-4775-bb29-5ac41b659c02 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ku-li-a qí-bi-ma um-ma a-sá-num-ma a-šu-mì a-ší-im sá-aḫ-ra-a-ku a-ši-a-im i-ma-gu₅-ru a-da-šu-ma a-ta-be-a-am-ma a-ta-lá-kam a-dí-i na-áš-pè-er-tí-kà ša a-šu-mì kà-lá-pí-im i-li-kà-ni ší-bé-e a-dí-ni lá aḫ-ri-im i ší-be-a a-zu kà-ṣa-ar PUZUR₄-a-mur be-li a-ta a-na a-na PUZUR₄-a-mur pu-nu-ma a-zu-ú li-iṭ-ru-dam iš-tí tap-pá-i-šu ší-bu-tám li-dí-nam i-na lá i-da-i-a a-mì-ša-am i-tal-kam um-ma šu-ut-ma a-na e-lá-lí a-lá-ak\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Kuliya, say, thus says Asānum: I am still staying (here) because of the meteoric iron. When they agree with the (quality / price of the) iron I will sell it, get ready and leave to you. As for your letter which arrived here concerning the axe, I have not yet recorded (the dispositions) of the witnesses. Among my witnesses figures Azu, the transporter of Puzur-Aššur. Please, my lord, approach Puzur-Aššur and let him send Azu to me, so that he can testify for me together with his colleagues. whithout my knowledge he has left for there, saying: I am going to Elālī.\"\"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n
This seems to appear in a similar position (as part of the given name?)
\nIn 017c5be4-f459-4ef5-a045-5933e79c01f9 PÚZUR-a-šur is translated as Puzur-Assur in the first occurrence and as Puzur-Istar in the second. If there is some context hidden in the transliterations (gender prefixes, suffixes, etc.) it would be awesome to get some more informations on them. In this particular case there are also no diacritics in the translation, which makes me hypothesize that it was the translators choice and that the translations were not normalized, likely due to the load of the data.
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 017c5be4-f459-4ef5-a045-5933e79c01f9 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša PÚZUR-a-šur ù PÚZUR-(d)IŠKUR ṭup-pu-um ša 4 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša PÚZUR-a-šur ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-sà-nim ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša al-pì-lí ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-sà-nim ú PÚZUR-a-šur ṭup-pu-um ša 5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-šùr-ṣú-lu-li ṭup-pu-um ša 17 ma-na 15 GÌN ša e-na-na-tim ṭup-pu-um ša ḫu-bu-ul a-bi-ni i-na ku-bu-ur-na-at al-qé-šu\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| A tablet about 10 minas of silver of Puzur-Assur and Puzur-Adad; a tablet about 4 minas of silver of Puzur-Assur; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Asanum; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Alpili; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Asanum and Puzur-Istar; a tablet about 5 minas of silver of Assur-sululi; a tablet about 17 minas and 15 shekels of silver of Ennanatum; a tablet about a debt of our father, I obtained it in Kuburnat.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0f932a9f-5d1d-4d5d-b71a-2a17e8397554 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ku-li-a DUMU a-lá-bi₄-im ḫa-nu-nu DUMU en-um-a-šur ú-ṣur-ša-a-šùr DUMU PÚZUR-a-šur ú a-šur-lá-ma-sí DUMU a-šur-na-da KIŠIB pì-lá-aḫ-IŠTAR DUMU a-šur-na-da\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Kuliya, son of Ali-abum, Hanunu, son of Ennum-Assur, Usur-sa-Assur, son of Puzur-Assur [and Assu]r-lamassi, son of Assur-nada, [seal of] Pilah-Istar son of Assur-nada.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 3bf9e7ec-79cd-4223-875c-2b751b8bb184 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR x-x ḫi-ri-im ša PÚZUR x-x na-áb-sú-in 10 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im pí-ri-kà-ni 9 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ša x-x-x 7 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ša x-x-x ŠU.NÍGIN 1 ma-na 1 x-x-x a-na KÙ.BABBAR a-nim 10 GÍN KÙ.GI x x x a-šùr-ṣú-lu-li x x 10 GÍN KÙ.GI x x x ša ša-ku-ul-tim ŠU.NÍGIN 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.GI ù 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR mì-ma a-nim ku-nu-ki-a PÚZUR.IŠTAR DUMU en-na-nim za-al-pá-i-um a-na kà-li-tí-ni ú-bi₄-il₅ IGI a-šùr-e-mu-qí DUMU ga-za-nim-DUB.SAR\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 0.3333 mina of silver for ... of Puzur- ... Nab-Suen, 10 shekels of silver the price of pirikannu-textiles, 9 shekels of silver of ..., 7 shekels of silver of ..., in all 1 mina 1 ... shekels of silver. For this silver ... 10 shekels of gold ... Assur-sululi ... 10 shekels of gold ... for the dinner. In all 20 shekels of gold and 0.5 mina of silver. All this, under my seal, Puzur-Istar, son of Ennanum, from Zalpa, brought to our bride in spe. In the presence of Assur-emuqi, son of GAZanum, the scribe.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 3d5fb064-3506-4898-b456-21247fc479a8 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| um-ma lá-ma-sà-tum PÚZUR-a-šùr ù en-um-a-šur-ma a-na a-ta-a-a ir-ma-a-šur um-mì-iš-ḫa-ra ù ší-ma-at-IŠTAR qí-bi₄-ma lá li-bi i-lim-ma um-mì-ki ù ki-lá-lá-ma a-ḫu-ú-a me-tù i-na ba-áb mu-wa-tim ša um-mì-ki 3 me-er-e um-mì-a-ni ni-iṣ-ba-at-ma a-na ṣé-er um-mì-ki né-ru-ub-ma IGI 3 me-er-e um-mì-a-ni ta-ma-lá-ke-ša IŠTAR-lá-ma-sí um-mì-ki i-na bu-ul-ṭí-ša-ma ta-ap-ṭù-ur-ma KÙ.BABBAR 1 GÍN i-šu qá-tí-ša ša ib-ší-ú e-mu-ru-ma 2.25 GÍN KÙ.GI ù 8 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR a-na ku-a-tí ta-dí-in 0.5 ma-na 7 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR a-na ì-lí-a a-ḫi-ki ta-dí-in 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-na (d)NIN.ŠUBUR-ba-ni ta-dí-in i-na bu-lu-uṭ um-mì-ki-ma lá-ma a-na sí-kà-tim nu-úṣ-ú ì-lí-a i-na ki-ša-ar-ší-im i-ni-dí iš-tù i-šu qá-tí-šu ig-mu-ru ù nu-a-um ša um-mì-ki e-ḫu-zu ì-lí-a me-er-a-sú a-ḫi-iz nu-a-um gám-ra-am a-na ki-ša-ar-ší-im ig-mu-ur-ma iš-tù nu-a-im ga-ma-ar-šu il₅-qé-ú lu a-na bi-ki-tim ša um-mì-ki ù a-ḫe-ki 0.333\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Thus Lamassutum, Puzur-Aššur and Ennam-Aššur, say to Ataya, Ir'am-Aššur, Ummī-Išhara and Šīmat-Ištar: Unfortunately your mother and both your brothers are dead. When your mother was on her deathbed, we seized three affiliated traders and brought them inside, to your mother and in the presence of these three affiliated traders your mother, while she was alive, opened her coffers and they saw every shekel of silver, her cash money that there was and she gave 2 1 / 4 shekels of gold and 8 shekels of silver to you. 37 shekels of silver she gave to your brother Iliya, 20 shekels of silver she gave to Ilabrat-bāni. While you mother was still alive, before we left for the campaign, Iliya was thrown into jail. After he had spent all he had available and (since) Iliya was married with the daughter of the Anatolian, who had married your mother, that Anatolian paid the expenses made for the jail and after the Anatolian had recovered his expenses, 27 shekels of silver have been spent for the bewailing of your mother and your brothers. Here the representative of the son of hinnāya, the creditor of your brothers, took steps to seize the silver, but Ennam-Aššur and Šumi-abiya, your representatives [] and we said: 'He shall not seize the silver!' Who is he (\"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 42b314af-c18c-438e-9cce-feaddc0af869 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na … ù a-lá-ḫi-im qí-bi-ma um-ma PÚZUR-a-šùr-ma šu-ma ú-ku DUMU ṣí-lu-lu a-ma-kam wa-ša-áb … ṭur₄-da-ni-šu kà-lá ú … KÙ.BABBAR 10 GÍN … lá a-be-el x … we-da-ku … a da-a-ni … a-na en-na-nim pu-nu-a a da … a-na ṣé-ri-a … ṭur-da-ni-ma KÙ.BABBAR 1 GÍN il₅-qé\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To ... and Ali-ahum from Puzur-Aššur: If Uku son of Ṣilūlu lives there, send him. ... at least 10 shekels of silver ... I am alone ... to judges ... Approach Ennānum ... send ... to me, for he received every shekel of silver. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n
The meaning, as consulted via ORACC website is connected to good, e.g., good quality.
\nIn 04810846-95dd-4ff0-bd99-33a1da243065 SIG₅-pí-a-šur translates to Damiq-pī-Aššur, which I assume is a standard approach of translating given names, instead of \"Aššur the Good\".
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| KIŠIB ma-nu-ba-lúm-a-šur DUMU ṣí-lá-(d)IM KIŠIB šu-(d)EN.LÍL DUMU ma-nu-ki-a-šur KIŠIB MAN-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a 0.33333 ma-na 2 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR SIG₅ i-ṣé-er PUZUR₄-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a a-lá-ḫu-um i-šu iš-tù ḫa-muš-tim ša ì-lí-dan ITU.KAM ša ke-na-tim li-mu-um e-na-sú-in a-na ITU 14 ḫa-am-ša-tim i-ša-qal šu-ma lá iš-qú-ul 1.5 GÍN.TA a-na 1 ma-na-im i-na ITU.1.KAM ṣí-ib-tám ú-ṣa-áb\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Seal of Mannum-balum-Aššur son of Ṣilli-Adad, seal of Šu-Illil son of Mannum-kī-Aššur, seal of Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya. Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya owes 22 shekels of good silver to Ali-ahum. Reckoned from the week of Ilī-dan, month of Ša-kēnātim, in the eponymy of Enna-Suen, he will pay in 14 weeks. If he has not paid in time, he will add interest at the rate 1.5 shekel per mina per month.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 01cc1406-fc42-4252-aeae-6b4538b069c5 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im e-ma-ri-im 30 ma-na URUDU IŠTAR-pí-lá-aḫ a-na ar-be-e-šu x ù-kà-pu-ú ša-pì-ú-tim 9 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ i ší-im sú-ub-ri-im 1 ma-na URUDU ší-kam iš-tí DUMU IŠTAR-ba-ni 2 kà-ar-pát kà-mu-nu mì-ma a-nim i-na du-ur-ḫu-mì-it i-ba-ší 10 pí-ri-kà-nu 1 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 2 ú-kà-pé-e 80 lu-ur-ma-tum 10 ma-na Ì.GIŠ sà-ar-dam sà-áp-tí-nam ni-ib-ra-ra-am 2 ší-it-re-e ša za-al-pá 2 e-ma-re ú ù-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim a-na a-šùr-i-mì-tí a-dí-in\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 17 shekels of silver, the price of a donkey, 30 minas of copper of Istar-pilah, 4 sets of thick saddlecloths, 9 minas of refined copper from the price of a slave, 1 mina of sikku-copper with the son of Istar-bani, 2 jars of cumin — all this is available in Durhumit. 10 pirikannu-textiles, 1 talent of wool, 2 saddle-rugs, 80 pomegranates, 10 minas of olive oil, a saptinnu- and a nibraru-textile, 2 scarfs from Zalpa, 2 donkeys with their harness — all this I gave to Assur-imitti.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 02df45ee-6d74-46fb-9870-3e546ce7d304 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na PUZUR₄-(d)IM lá-dí-a en-um-a-šur en-na-sú-in a-šur-i-dí i-ku-pí-a ù li-lá qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr ù a-lá-ḫu-um-ma i-na 40 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša i-dí-a-šur um-me-a-ni e-pu-lu ša 22 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša li-bi₄ a-lá-ḫi-im KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu a-na-kam né-nu um-me-a-ni nu-ṭá-ib ŠÀ.BA ša 22 GÚ URUDU qá-ta-tí-šu-nu ì-lí-a i-tur₄-DINGIR ù i-dí-ku-bu-um KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu il₅-qé-ú ší-tí URUDU 18 GÚ 6 ma-na URUDU i li-bi i-dí-a-šur a-lá-an a-nim mì-ma i li-bi-šu ú-lá i-ba-ší šu-ma a-na qá-ta-tí-šu-nu en-um-a-šur ù i-ku-pí-a i-ma-ṣí-ú qá-ta-tí-šu-nu li-il₅-qé-ú-ma ší-bi šu-uk-na-šu-nu-tí bé-lu-ni a-tù-nu ú tí-ir-ta-ku-nu li-li-kam ù bé-lu KÙ.BABBAR ma-du-tum ša lá il₅-qé-ú-ni a-ḫu-ru\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Puzur-Adad, Ladiya, Ennam-Aššur, Enna-Suen, Aššur-idī, Ikūn-pīya and Lila from Ennam-Aššur and Ali-ahum: Of the 40 talents of good copper about which Iddin-Aššur reached an agreement with the investors, we have here satisfied in silver the investors for the 22 talents of good copper that was in Ali-ahum's possession. Thereof, for the 22 talents of copper, their shares, Iliya, Itūr-ilī and Iddin-Kūbum have received its value in silver. The rest of the copper, 18 talents 6 minas of copper, is in Iddin-Aššur's possession. Apart from this nothing is in his possession. If Ennam-Aššur and Ikūn-pīya take responsibility for their shares, they may receive their shares, but set witnesses for them. Our dear lords, also, send us word, for a great many creditors who have received nothing remain.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 04810846-95dd-4ff0-bd99-33a1da243065 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na en-um-a-šur ù SIG₅-pí-a-šur a-na SIG₅-pí-a-šur qí-bi-ma um-ma ša-ta-na-ma 10 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ṣa-ru-pá-am a-na ší-a-ma-tim a-dí-na-kum 3 ša-lá-ší-šu qá-dum ša ḫa-ra-an a-lim(ki) ḫa-ra-nam ú-qá a-ma-kam KÙ.BABBAR ú ší-a-ma-tí-šu a-na en-um-a-šur šu-qúl\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Ennam-Aššur and Damiq-pī-Aššur; specifically to Damiq-pī-Aššur from Šāt-Anna: I gave you 10 shekels of refined silver for purchases. Three times I waited for the caravan together with those on the road to the City. Pay the silver or the goods bought with it there to Ennam-Aššur.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n
This one is not transliterated explicitly, which with transliteration text only, gives room for interpretation. ORACC lists 3 possible sources:
\nIn some of the examples it can be deducted that SIG₂ was used but I have not checked all of the occurences to be sure if some are not SIG₄ or SIG₅.
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 01cc1406-fc42-4252-aeae-6b4538b069c5 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im e-ma-ri-im 30 ma-na URUDU IŠTAR-pí-lá-aḫ a-na ar-be-e-šu x ù-kà-pu-ú ša-pì-ú-tim 9 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ i ší-im sú-ub-ri-im 1 ma-na URUDU ší-kam iš-tí DUMU IŠTAR-ba-ni 2 kà-ar-pát kà-mu-nu mì-ma a-nim i-na du-ur-ḫu-mì-it i-ba-ší 10 pí-ri-kà-nu 1 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 2 ú-kà-pé-e 80 lu-ur-ma-tum 10 ma-na Ì.GIŠ sà-ar-dam sà-áp-tí-nam ni-ib-ra-ra-am 2 ší-it-re-e ša za-al-pá 2 e-ma-re ú ù-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim a-na a-šùr-i-mì-tí a-dí-in\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 17 shekels of silver, the price of a donkey, 30 minas of copper of Istar-pilah, 4 sets of thick saddlecloths, 9 minas of refined copper from the price of a slave, 1 mina of sikku-copper with the son of Istar-bani, 2 jars of cumin — all this is available in Durhumit. 10 pirikannu-textiles, 1 talent of wool, 2 saddle-rugs, 80 pomegranates, 10 minas of olive oil, a saptinnu- and a nibraru-textile, 2 scarfs from Zalpa, 2 donkeys with their harness — all this I gave to Assur-imitti.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0309d067-0bb7-40f6-9d27-1dfb0c60e507 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 23.5 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 66 maš-ku 10 ANŠE ṣa-lá-mu ú ú-nu-sú-nu 25 TÚG.ḪI.A mì-ma a-nim i ša-ni-tim šé-pí-šu-nu 10 GÍN AN.NA 2 šé-ni-in ša sí-ni-iš-tim 8 šé-ni ša ṣú-ùḫ-ri-im 3 ma-ar-šu e-ba-du-ni du-ug-li mì-ma a-nim a-na qá-tí-šu-nu a-dí-in e-zi-ib sà-ḫe-er-tám ša i pá-ni-tim a qá-tí-šu-nu a-dí-nu-ni 19 GÚ 20 ma-na SÍG.ḪI.A me-at 2 maš-ku i šé-ep a-šu-ú-ma-an i-li-ik\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 23.5 talents of wool, 66 fleeces, 10 black donkeys plus their harness, 25 textiles - all this in their second transport.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0afc88d2-258e-4d6a-8c02-25b605573093 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ṣa-ru-pá-am ù 7.5 GÍN KÙ.GI pá-ša-lam a-šùr-i-mì-tí DUMU e-ta-a i-na ší-im SÍG.ḪI.A ša ú-ší-na-lam il₅-qé IGI e-nu-um-we-er DUMU šu-da-a IGI i-lá-áš-ra-ni DUMU sú-kà-li-a IGI en-na-sú-in DUMU i-dí-a-bi-im IGI DUMU a-bu-bu ta-ar-dí-im\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Aššur-imittī son of Etaya has received 17 minas of refined silver and 7.5 shekels of -gold from the proceeds of Ušinalam's wool. Witnessed by Ennam-Wēr son of Šudaya, by Il-ašrannī son of Sukalliya, by Enna-Suen son of Iddin-abum, by Abūbu's younger son. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 14457418-2863-49ad-860b-89778d8cdd3a |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ú-ṣú-ra-nim en-um-a-šur ù ib-ni-(d)IM qí-bi-ma um-ma ṣí-lá-(d)IM-ma 2.5 GÚ lu-lá-am 9 DUG a-lá-ni ib-ni-(d)IM na-áš-a-ku-nu-tí a-ḫu-ú-a a-tù-nu lu-lá-am ù a-lá-ni a ší-mì-im dí-na 5 u₄-me-e ib-ni-(d)IM lá i-sà-ḫu-ur ṭur₄-da-ni-šu šu-ma KÙ.BABBAR ší-im lu-li-im ù a-lá-ni a-na ší-im 10 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A ba-tí-iq KÙ.BABBAR ib-ni-(d)IM lu-ra-dí sú-am ša en-um-a-šur ú-kà-lu a ší-mì-im dí-na-ší-ma KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu li-il₅-qé-ma ù ṭup-pè-a ki-lá-li-ma ša ḫu-bu-li-a a-na ib-ni-(d)IM dí-na-ma lu-ub-lá-am a-na en-um-a-šur qí-bi-ma a-ḫi a-ta a-na-kam a-na ṣí-ib-tim e-né-kà lá ta-na-ší-ma i-dí-tí-šu lá ta-ṭá-ra-da-ni ù a-na-ku a-we-el gi-mì-lim ṣí-li-ni … 2 ar-za-li … na-áš-ú-ni-kum za-áp-ru-tim … ša … na-áš-ú-ni-kum\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Uṣurānum, Ennam-Aššur and Ibni-Adad from Ṣill-Adad: Ibni-Adad brings you 2.5 talents of and 9 jars of acorns. My dear brothers, offer the and the acorns for sale. Ibni-Adad must not tarry 5 days, send him. If the silver, the proceeds of the and the acorns does not cover the price of 10 talents of wool, Ibni-Adad shall add the missing silver. The grinding-stone that Ennam-Aššur has, offer that for sale and let him take the silver for it, and give both of my tablets concerning my debt to Ibni-Adad so he can bring them. To Ennam-Aššur: My dear brother, do not covet interest there and do not send me to court with him. I too am a man of favors. ... They bring you 2 they bring you.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 28d4a4b2-f9df-4d3a-9fba-73dc2ed357df |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na a-mur-(d)UTU a-šùr-DU₁₀ ù lá-qé-pí-im qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr-ma 20 2 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A ku-nu-ki-a 94 maš-ki 10 ANŠE.ḪI.A ṣa-lá-mì ú ú-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim ša-lim-ar-dí ù šé-ep-IŠTAR i-ra-dí-ú-ni-ku-nu-tí a-ma-kam ša-áp-tám ú maš-ki i ḫu-ur-ší-im pí-iḫ-a-ma ṣú-ḫa-ri ṭù-ur-da-nim bé-tám e-li-am ku-nu-ki-a pé-té-a-ma i-na ta-ma-lá-ki-im 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-mu-ra-am ú 1 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ ku-un-kà-ma ú 1 (TÚG)tí-sà-ba-am SIG₅ ú-tù-ur-tám ša a-na li-tab-ší-a a-šùr-DU₁₀ iq-bi-a-ni a-na ší-mì-šu a-šùr-DU₁₀ li-dí-na-ku-nu-tí-ma iš-tí KÙ.BABBAR a-na ṣú-ḫa-ri dí-na-ma lu-ub-lu-nim ú-ma-kál lá i-bi-tù ú du-ug-li uṣ-ra-šu-nu-tí bi-tám i-na ku-nu-ki-ku-nu ku-un-kà\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Amur-Šamaš, Aššur-ṭāb and Lā-qēp from Ennam-Aššur: 22 talents of wool under my seal, 94 fleeces, 10 black donkeys and their harness - all this Šalim-wardī and Šēp-Ištar lead to you. Lock the wool and the hides in the store room there and send me the servants. Open the upper storey sealed by me, and seal in the -container 0.5 mina of checked silver and 1 mina of good copper; also, Aššur-ṭāb should give you for sale 1 -textile of extra-fine quality which he promised me for my clothing, and then give it together with the silver to the servants so they may bring it. They should not rest a single night. Also, as to the -implements, guard them. Seal the house with your own seals. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n
So the big question is there access to the original signs, maybe even in the form of unicode symbols to help correct and normalize the transliterations?
", "messages": [ { "id": "3378927", "postDate": "12/18/2025 20:58:57", "content": "When analyzing the train dataset I noticed a possible discrepancy in how some logograms are transliterated. Shining some light on the matter would help normalizing the texts.
\nThis one is used predominantly in a prefix position (as part of the name, which is suggested by the hyphen in translations).
\nSome transliterations and translations do not match, which I found to be normal in some cases, but here I'm not sure. Either is an error or makes the transliteration more complicated (many signs have an identical translation).
\nIn 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e the transliteration of MAN-a-šur is translated as Puzur-Aššur\nIn 0480d321-8019-4775-bb29-5ac41b659c02 the transliteration PUZUR₄-a-mur is translated as Puzur-Aššur.
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| KIŠIB ma-nu-ba-lúm-a-šur DUMU ṣí-lá-(d)IM KIŠIB šu-(d)EN.LÍL DUMU ma-nu-ki-a-šur KIŠIB \n*MAN-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a* 0.33333 ma-na 2 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR SIG₅ i-ṣé-er PUZUR₄-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a a-lá-ḫu-um i-šu iš-tù ḫa-muš-tim ša ì-lí-dan ITU.KAM ša ke-na-tim li-mu-um e-na-sú-in a-na ITU 14 ḫa-am-ša-tim i-ša-qal šu-ma lá iš-qú-ul 1.5 GÍN.TA a-na 1 ma-na-im i-na ITU.1.KAM ṣí-ib-tám ú-ṣa-áb\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Seal of Mannum-balum-Aššur son of Ṣilli-Adad, seal of Šu-Illil son of Mannum-kī-Aššur, seal of *Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya*. Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya owes 22 shekels of good silver to Ali-ahum. Reckoned from the week of Ilī-dan, month of Ša-kēnātim, in the eponymy of Enna-Suen, he will pay in 14 weeks. If he has not paid in time, he will add interest at the rate 1.5 shekel per mina per month.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 020aa8bd-69a4-43a9-8120-efd9e587bb1c |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| i-ku-pí-a ù en-um-a-šur iṣ-bu-tù-ni-a-tí-ma um-ma i-ku-pì-a-ma a-na en-um-a-šur-ma 5 GÚ URUDU ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am ḫu-ub-lam-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU li-pu-ul-kà 5 GÚ URUDU ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am en-um-a-šur a-na i-ku-pí-a iḫ-bu-ul-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU en-um-a-šur e-pu-ul um-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU-ma a-na 15 u₄-me-e 5 GÚ URUDU-a-kà a-na-ku a-ša-qá-lá-ku-um um-ma en-um-a-šur-ma šu-ma-ba i-na 15 u₄-me-e u₄-mu-ú mì-ma e-ta-at-qú um-ma i-ku-pí-a-ma 5 GÚ URUDU-a-kà ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am PUZUR₄-(d)UTU li-iš-qú-lá-kum a-na ṣí-ib-tim ma-lá u₄-mu e-tí-qú-ni-ni i-a-tí URUDU a-nim a-na 4 u₄-me DINGIR i-ša-ḫi-iṭ-ma ḫa-muš-tum ša (d)IM-ṣú-lu-li x x-x ITU.KAM ku-zal-li li-mu-um ṣí-lu-lu um-ma i-ku-pí-a-ma a-na en-um-a-šur-ma i-nu-mì a-na pu-ru-uš-ḫa-dim té-ra-ba-ni ù a-ta ša KÙ.BABBAR 1 ma-na ù 2 ma-na a-na-aḫ-ta-kà ta-lá-qé-ma ù a-na-ku lá-ag-mì-il₅-kà a-na a-wa-tim a-ni-a-tim kà-ru-um wa-aḫ-šu-ša-na i-dí-ni-a-tí-ma IGI GÍR ša a-šu\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Ikūn-pīya and Ennam-Aššur seized us, and Ikūn-pīya said to Ennam-Aššur: Lend me 5 talents of washed, broken copper, and have Puzur-Šamaš reimburse you.\" Ennam-Aššur lent 5 talents of washed, broken copper to Ikūn-pīya and Puzur-Šamaš should reimburse Ennam-Aššur. Puzur-Šamaš said: \"Within 15 days I shall personally pay you your 5 talents of copper.\" Ennam-Aššur answered: \"What then if indeed on the 15th day your terms become exceeded at all?\" Ikūn-pīya answered: \"Let Puzur-Šamaš pay you your 5 talents of washed, broken copper. As for the interest, as much as the term is exceeded this copper is my obligation.\" In 4 days the god will rise and it is the week of Adad-ṣulūlī ... month Kuzallu, eponymy Ṣilūlu. Ikūn-pīya continued saying to Ennam-Aššur: \"When you arrive at Purušhaddum, then you will personally receive your earnings from 1 or 2 minas of silver, and thus I shall do you a favour myself.\" The Wahšušana colony gave us for these proceedings and we gave our testimony before Aššur's dagger. Witnessed by Aššur-idī, by Elāli; Puzur-ilī son of Balzuenum was our (absent) partner. \"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 02df45ee-6d74-46fb-9870-3e546ce7d304 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na PUZUR₄-(d)IM lá-dí-a en-um-a-šur en-na-sú-in a-šur-i-dí i-ku-pí-a ù li-lá qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr ù a-lá-ḫu-um-ma i-na 40 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša i-dí-a-šur um-me-a-ni e-pu-lu ša 22 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša li-bi₄ a-lá-ḫi-im KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu a-na-kam né-nu um-me-a-ni nu-ṭá-ib ŠÀ.BA ša 22 GÚ URUDU qá-ta-tí-šu-nu ì-lí-a i-tur₄-DINGIR ù i-dí-ku-bu-um KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu il₅-qé-ú ší-tí URUDU 18 GÚ 6 ma-na URUDU i li-bi i-dí-a-šur a-lá-an a-nim mì-ma i li-bi-šu ú-lá i-ba-ší šu-ma a-na qá-ta-tí-šu-nu en-um-a-šur ù i-ku-pí-a i-ma-ṣí-ú qá-ta-tí-šu-nu li-il₅-qé-ú-ma ší-bi šu-uk-na-šu-nu-tí bé-lu-ni a-tù-nu ú tí-ir-ta-ku-nu li-li-kam ù bé-lu KÙ.BABBAR ma-du-tum ša lá il₅-qé-ú-ni a-ḫu-ru\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Puzur-Adad, Ladiya, Ennam-Aššur, Enna-Suen, Aššur-idī, Ikūn-pīya and Lila from Ennam-Aššur and Ali-ahum: Of the 40 talents of good copper about which Iddin-Aššur reached an agreement with the investors, we have here satisfied in silver the investors for the 22 talents of good copper that was in Ali-ahum's possession. Thereof, for the 22 talents of copper, their shares, Iliya, Itūr-ilī and Iddin-Kūbum have received its value in silver. The rest of the copper, 18 talents 6 minas of copper, is in Iddin-Aššur's possession. Apart from this nothing is in his possession. If Ennam-Aššur and Ikūn-pīya take responsibility for their shares, they may receive their shares, but set witnesses for them. Our dear lords, also, send us word, for a great many creditors who have received nothing remain.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 041c9029-8f6f-40f8-989b-77a75878221c |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na a-lá-ḫi-im qí-bi₄-ma um-ma PUZUR₄-a-šur-ma 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-na pá-ni-a ša a-ḫu-zu-ma tù-šé-bi₄-lá-ni 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ku-nu-ki-a en-na-num DUMU ku-zi-a ub-lá-ku-um a-ḫi a-ta na-áš-pè-ra-tim ša a-lim(ki) ša en-na-num ub-lá-ku-ni i-ḫi-id-ma a ba-tí-qí-im pá-ni-im-ma dí-in-ma lu-ub-lu iš-tí wa-ṣí-im pá-ni-im-ma lu-ṣí-am\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Ali-ahum from Puzur-Aššur: 0.5 mina of silver that I acquired for myself(?) and you sent to me, 0.5 mina of silver under my seal Ennānum son of Kuziya brought to you. My dear brother, pay attention to the missives from the City that Ennānum brought to you, and give it (an answer?) to the very first express transport so they may bring it. He should leave with the first travellers to depart.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0480d321-8019-4775-bb29-5ac41b659c02 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ku-li-a qí-bi-ma um-ma a-sá-num-ma a-šu-mì a-ší-im sá-aḫ-ra-a-ku a-ši-a-im i-ma-gu₅-ru a-da-šu-ma a-ta-be-a-am-ma a-ta-lá-kam a-dí-i na-áš-pè-er-tí-kà ša a-šu-mì kà-lá-pí-im i-li-kà-ni ší-bé-e a-dí-ni lá aḫ-ri-im i ší-be-a a-zu kà-ṣa-ar PUZUR₄-a-mur be-li a-ta a-na a-na PUZUR₄-a-mur pu-nu-ma a-zu-ú li-iṭ-ru-dam iš-tí tap-pá-i-šu ší-bu-tám li-dí-nam i-na lá i-da-i-a a-mì-ša-am i-tal-kam um-ma šu-ut-ma a-na e-lá-lí a-lá-ak\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Kuliya, say, thus says Asānum: I am still staying (here) because of the meteoric iron. When they agree with the (quality / price of the) iron I will sell it, get ready and leave to you. As for your letter which arrived here concerning the axe, I have not yet recorded (the dispositions) of the witnesses. Among my witnesses figures Azu, the transporter of Puzur-Aššur. Please, my lord, approach Puzur-Aššur and let him send Azu to me, so that he can testify for me together with his colleagues. whithout my knowledge he has left for there, saying: I am going to Elālī.\"\"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n
This seems to appear in a similar position (as part of the given name?)
\nIn 017c5be4-f459-4ef5-a045-5933e79c01f9 PÚZUR-a-šur is translated as Puzur-Assur in the first occurrence and as Puzur-Istar in the second. If there is some context hidden in the transliterations (gender prefixes, suffixes, etc.) it would be awesome to get some more informations on them. In this particular case there are also no diacritics in the translation, which makes me hypothesize that it was the translators choice and that the translations were not normalized, likely due to the load of the data.
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 017c5be4-f459-4ef5-a045-5933e79c01f9 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša PÚZUR-a-šur ù PÚZUR-(d)IŠKUR ṭup-pu-um ša 4 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša PÚZUR-a-šur ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-sà-nim ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša al-pì-lí ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-sà-nim ú PÚZUR-a-šur ṭup-pu-um ša 5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-šùr-ṣú-lu-li ṭup-pu-um ša 17 ma-na 15 GÌN ša e-na-na-tim ṭup-pu-um ša ḫu-bu-ul a-bi-ni i-na ku-bu-ur-na-at al-qé-šu\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| A tablet about 10 minas of silver of Puzur-Assur and Puzur-Adad; a tablet about 4 minas of silver of Puzur-Assur; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Asanum; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Alpili; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Asanum and Puzur-Istar; a tablet about 5 minas of silver of Assur-sululi; a tablet about 17 minas and 15 shekels of silver of Ennanatum; a tablet about a debt of our father, I obtained it in Kuburnat.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0f932a9f-5d1d-4d5d-b71a-2a17e8397554 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ku-li-a DUMU a-lá-bi₄-im ḫa-nu-nu DUMU en-um-a-šur ú-ṣur-ša-a-šùr DUMU PÚZUR-a-šur ú a-šur-lá-ma-sí DUMU a-šur-na-da KIŠIB pì-lá-aḫ-IŠTAR DUMU a-šur-na-da\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Kuliya, son of Ali-abum, Hanunu, son of Ennum-Assur, Usur-sa-Assur, son of Puzur-Assur [and Assu]r-lamassi, son of Assur-nada, [seal of] Pilah-Istar son of Assur-nada.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 3bf9e7ec-79cd-4223-875c-2b751b8bb184 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR x-x ḫi-ri-im ša PÚZUR x-x na-áb-sú-in 10 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im pí-ri-kà-ni 9 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ša x-x-x 7 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ša x-x-x ŠU.NÍGIN 1 ma-na 1 x-x-x a-na KÙ.BABBAR a-nim 10 GÍN KÙ.GI x x x a-šùr-ṣú-lu-li x x 10 GÍN KÙ.GI x x x ša ša-ku-ul-tim ŠU.NÍGIN 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.GI ù 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR mì-ma a-nim ku-nu-ki-a PÚZUR.IŠTAR DUMU en-na-nim za-al-pá-i-um a-na kà-li-tí-ni ú-bi₄-il₅ IGI a-šùr-e-mu-qí DUMU ga-za-nim-DUB.SAR\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 0.3333 mina of silver for ... of Puzur- ... Nab-Suen, 10 shekels of silver the price of pirikannu-textiles, 9 shekels of silver of ..., 7 shekels of silver of ..., in all 1 mina 1 ... shekels of silver. For this silver ... 10 shekels of gold ... Assur-sululi ... 10 shekels of gold ... for the dinner. In all 20 shekels of gold and 0.5 mina of silver. All this, under my seal, Puzur-Istar, son of Ennanum, from Zalpa, brought to our bride in spe. In the presence of Assur-emuqi, son of GAZanum, the scribe.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 3d5fb064-3506-4898-b456-21247fc479a8 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| um-ma lá-ma-sà-tum PÚZUR-a-šùr ù en-um-a-šur-ma a-na a-ta-a-a ir-ma-a-šur um-mì-iš-ḫa-ra ù ší-ma-at-IŠTAR qí-bi₄-ma lá li-bi i-lim-ma um-mì-ki ù ki-lá-lá-ma a-ḫu-ú-a me-tù i-na ba-áb mu-wa-tim ša um-mì-ki 3 me-er-e um-mì-a-ni ni-iṣ-ba-at-ma a-na ṣé-er um-mì-ki né-ru-ub-ma IGI 3 me-er-e um-mì-a-ni ta-ma-lá-ke-ša IŠTAR-lá-ma-sí um-mì-ki i-na bu-ul-ṭí-ša-ma ta-ap-ṭù-ur-ma KÙ.BABBAR 1 GÍN i-šu qá-tí-ša ša ib-ší-ú e-mu-ru-ma 2.25 GÍN KÙ.GI ù 8 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR a-na ku-a-tí ta-dí-in 0.5 ma-na 7 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR a-na ì-lí-a a-ḫi-ki ta-dí-in 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-na (d)NIN.ŠUBUR-ba-ni ta-dí-in i-na bu-lu-uṭ um-mì-ki-ma lá-ma a-na sí-kà-tim nu-úṣ-ú ì-lí-a i-na ki-ša-ar-ší-im i-ni-dí iš-tù i-šu qá-tí-šu ig-mu-ru ù nu-a-um ša um-mì-ki e-ḫu-zu ì-lí-a me-er-a-sú a-ḫi-iz nu-a-um gám-ra-am a-na ki-ša-ar-ší-im ig-mu-ur-ma iš-tù nu-a-im ga-ma-ar-šu il₅-qé-ú lu a-na bi-ki-tim ša um-mì-ki ù a-ḫe-ki 0.333\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Thus Lamassutum, Puzur-Aššur and Ennam-Aššur, say to Ataya, Ir'am-Aššur, Ummī-Išhara and Šīmat-Ištar: Unfortunately your mother and both your brothers are dead. When your mother was on her deathbed, we seized three affiliated traders and brought them inside, to your mother and in the presence of these three affiliated traders your mother, while she was alive, opened her coffers and they saw every shekel of silver, her cash money that there was and she gave 2 1 / 4 shekels of gold and 8 shekels of silver to you. 37 shekels of silver she gave to your brother Iliya, 20 shekels of silver she gave to Ilabrat-bāni. While you mother was still alive, before we left for the campaign, Iliya was thrown into jail. After he had spent all he had available and (since) Iliya was married with the daughter of the Anatolian, who had married your mother, that Anatolian paid the expenses made for the jail and after the Anatolian had recovered his expenses, 27 shekels of silver have been spent for the bewailing of your mother and your brothers. Here the representative of the son of hinnāya, the creditor of your brothers, took steps to seize the silver, but Ennam-Aššur and Šumi-abiya, your representatives [] and we said: 'He shall not seize the silver!' Who is he (\"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 42b314af-c18c-438e-9cce-feaddc0af869 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na … ù a-lá-ḫi-im qí-bi-ma um-ma PÚZUR-a-šùr-ma šu-ma ú-ku DUMU ṣí-lu-lu a-ma-kam wa-ša-áb … ṭur₄-da-ni-šu kà-lá ú … KÙ.BABBAR 10 GÍN … lá a-be-el x … we-da-ku … a da-a-ni … a-na en-na-nim pu-nu-a a da … a-na ṣé-ri-a … ṭur-da-ni-ma KÙ.BABBAR 1 GÍN il₅-qé\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To ... and Ali-ahum from Puzur-Aššur: If Uku son of Ṣilūlu lives there, send him. ... at least 10 shekels of silver ... I am alone ... to judges ... Approach Ennānum ... send ... to me, for he received every shekel of silver. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n
The meaning, as consulted via ORACC website is connected to good, e.g., good quality.
\nIn 04810846-95dd-4ff0-bd99-33a1da243065 SIG₅-pí-a-šur translates to Damiq-pī-Aššur, which I assume is a standard approach of translating given names, instead of \"Aššur the Good\".
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| KIŠIB ma-nu-ba-lúm-a-šur DUMU ṣí-lá-(d)IM KIŠIB šu-(d)EN.LÍL DUMU ma-nu-ki-a-šur KIŠIB MAN-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a 0.33333 ma-na 2 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR SIG₅ i-ṣé-er PUZUR₄-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a a-lá-ḫu-um i-šu iš-tù ḫa-muš-tim ša ì-lí-dan ITU.KAM ša ke-na-tim li-mu-um e-na-sú-in a-na ITU 14 ḫa-am-ša-tim i-ša-qal šu-ma lá iš-qú-ul 1.5 GÍN.TA a-na 1 ma-na-im i-na ITU.1.KAM ṣí-ib-tám ú-ṣa-áb\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Seal of Mannum-balum-Aššur son of Ṣilli-Adad, seal of Šu-Illil son of Mannum-kī-Aššur, seal of Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya. Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya owes 22 shekels of good silver to Ali-ahum. Reckoned from the week of Ilī-dan, month of Ša-kēnātim, in the eponymy of Enna-Suen, he will pay in 14 weeks. If he has not paid in time, he will add interest at the rate 1.5 shekel per mina per month.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 01cc1406-fc42-4252-aeae-6b4538b069c5 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im e-ma-ri-im 30 ma-na URUDU IŠTAR-pí-lá-aḫ a-na ar-be-e-šu x ù-kà-pu-ú ša-pì-ú-tim 9 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ i ší-im sú-ub-ri-im 1 ma-na URUDU ší-kam iš-tí DUMU IŠTAR-ba-ni 2 kà-ar-pát kà-mu-nu mì-ma a-nim i-na du-ur-ḫu-mì-it i-ba-ší 10 pí-ri-kà-nu 1 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 2 ú-kà-pé-e 80 lu-ur-ma-tum 10 ma-na Ì.GIŠ sà-ar-dam sà-áp-tí-nam ni-ib-ra-ra-am 2 ší-it-re-e ša za-al-pá 2 e-ma-re ú ù-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim a-na a-šùr-i-mì-tí a-dí-in\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 17 shekels of silver, the price of a donkey, 30 minas of copper of Istar-pilah, 4 sets of thick saddlecloths, 9 minas of refined copper from the price of a slave, 1 mina of sikku-copper with the son of Istar-bani, 2 jars of cumin — all this is available in Durhumit. 10 pirikannu-textiles, 1 talent of wool, 2 saddle-rugs, 80 pomegranates, 10 minas of olive oil, a saptinnu- and a nibraru-textile, 2 scarfs from Zalpa, 2 donkeys with their harness — all this I gave to Assur-imitti.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 02df45ee-6d74-46fb-9870-3e546ce7d304 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na PUZUR₄-(d)IM lá-dí-a en-um-a-šur en-na-sú-in a-šur-i-dí i-ku-pí-a ù li-lá qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr ù a-lá-ḫu-um-ma i-na 40 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša i-dí-a-šur um-me-a-ni e-pu-lu ša 22 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša li-bi₄ a-lá-ḫi-im KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu a-na-kam né-nu um-me-a-ni nu-ṭá-ib ŠÀ.BA ša 22 GÚ URUDU qá-ta-tí-šu-nu ì-lí-a i-tur₄-DINGIR ù i-dí-ku-bu-um KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu il₅-qé-ú ší-tí URUDU 18 GÚ 6 ma-na URUDU i li-bi i-dí-a-šur a-lá-an a-nim mì-ma i li-bi-šu ú-lá i-ba-ší šu-ma a-na qá-ta-tí-šu-nu en-um-a-šur ù i-ku-pí-a i-ma-ṣí-ú qá-ta-tí-šu-nu li-il₅-qé-ú-ma ší-bi šu-uk-na-šu-nu-tí bé-lu-ni a-tù-nu ú tí-ir-ta-ku-nu li-li-kam ù bé-lu KÙ.BABBAR ma-du-tum ša lá il₅-qé-ú-ni a-ḫu-ru\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Puzur-Adad, Ladiya, Ennam-Aššur, Enna-Suen, Aššur-idī, Ikūn-pīya and Lila from Ennam-Aššur and Ali-ahum: Of the 40 talents of good copper about which Iddin-Aššur reached an agreement with the investors, we have here satisfied in silver the investors for the 22 talents of good copper that was in Ali-ahum's possession. Thereof, for the 22 talents of copper, their shares, Iliya, Itūr-ilī and Iddin-Kūbum have received its value in silver. The rest of the copper, 18 talents 6 minas of copper, is in Iddin-Aššur's possession. Apart from this nothing is in his possession. If Ennam-Aššur and Ikūn-pīya take responsibility for their shares, they may receive their shares, but set witnesses for them. Our dear lords, also, send us word, for a great many creditors who have received nothing remain.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 04810846-95dd-4ff0-bd99-33a1da243065 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na en-um-a-šur ù SIG₅-pí-a-šur a-na SIG₅-pí-a-šur qí-bi-ma um-ma ša-ta-na-ma 10 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ṣa-ru-pá-am a-na ší-a-ma-tim a-dí-na-kum 3 ša-lá-ší-šu qá-dum ša ḫa-ra-an a-lim(ki) ḫa-ra-nam ú-qá a-ma-kam KÙ.BABBAR ú ší-a-ma-tí-šu a-na en-um-a-šur šu-qúl\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Ennam-Aššur and Damiq-pī-Aššur; specifically to Damiq-pī-Aššur from Šāt-Anna: I gave you 10 shekels of refined silver for purchases. Three times I waited for the caravan together with those on the road to the City. Pay the silver or the goods bought with it there to Ennam-Aššur.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n
This one is not transliterated explicitly, which with transliteration text only, gives room for interpretation. ORACC lists 3 possible sources:
\nIn some of the examples it can be deducted that SIG₂ was used but I have not checked all of the occurences to be sure if some are not SIG₄ or SIG₅.
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 01cc1406-fc42-4252-aeae-6b4538b069c5 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im e-ma-ri-im 30 ma-na URUDU IŠTAR-pí-lá-aḫ a-na ar-be-e-šu x ù-kà-pu-ú ša-pì-ú-tim 9 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ i ší-im sú-ub-ri-im 1 ma-na URUDU ší-kam iš-tí DUMU IŠTAR-ba-ni 2 kà-ar-pát kà-mu-nu mì-ma a-nim i-na du-ur-ḫu-mì-it i-ba-ší 10 pí-ri-kà-nu 1 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 2 ú-kà-pé-e 80 lu-ur-ma-tum 10 ma-na Ì.GIŠ sà-ar-dam sà-áp-tí-nam ni-ib-ra-ra-am 2 ší-it-re-e ša za-al-pá 2 e-ma-re ú ù-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim a-na a-šùr-i-mì-tí a-dí-in\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 17 shekels of silver, the price of a donkey, 30 minas of copper of Istar-pilah, 4 sets of thick saddlecloths, 9 minas of refined copper from the price of a slave, 1 mina of sikku-copper with the son of Istar-bani, 2 jars of cumin — all this is available in Durhumit. 10 pirikannu-textiles, 1 talent of wool, 2 saddle-rugs, 80 pomegranates, 10 minas of olive oil, a saptinnu- and a nibraru-textile, 2 scarfs from Zalpa, 2 donkeys with their harness — all this I gave to Assur-imitti.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0309d067-0bb7-40f6-9d27-1dfb0c60e507 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 23.5 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 66 maš-ku 10 ANŠE ṣa-lá-mu ú ú-nu-sú-nu 25 TÚG.ḪI.A mì-ma a-nim i ša-ni-tim šé-pí-šu-nu 10 GÍN AN.NA 2 šé-ni-in ša sí-ni-iš-tim 8 šé-ni ša ṣú-ùḫ-ri-im 3 ma-ar-šu e-ba-du-ni du-ug-li mì-ma a-nim a-na qá-tí-šu-nu a-dí-in e-zi-ib sà-ḫe-er-tám ša i pá-ni-tim a qá-tí-šu-nu a-dí-nu-ni 19 GÚ 20 ma-na SÍG.ḪI.A me-at 2 maš-ku i šé-ep a-šu-ú-ma-an i-li-ik\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 23.5 talents of wool, 66 fleeces, 10 black donkeys plus their harness, 25 textiles - all this in their second transport.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0afc88d2-258e-4d6a-8c02-25b605573093 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ṣa-ru-pá-am ù 7.5 GÍN KÙ.GI pá-ša-lam a-šùr-i-mì-tí DUMU e-ta-a i-na ší-im SÍG.ḪI.A ša ú-ší-na-lam il₅-qé IGI e-nu-um-we-er DUMU šu-da-a IGI i-lá-áš-ra-ni DUMU sú-kà-li-a IGI en-na-sú-in DUMU i-dí-a-bi-im IGI DUMU a-bu-bu ta-ar-dí-im\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Aššur-imittī son of Etaya has received 17 minas of refined silver and 7.5 shekels of -gold from the proceeds of Ušinalam's wool. Witnessed by Ennam-Wēr son of Šudaya, by Il-ašrannī son of Sukalliya, by Enna-Suen son of Iddin-abum, by Abūbu's younger son. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 14457418-2863-49ad-860b-89778d8cdd3a |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ú-ṣú-ra-nim en-um-a-šur ù ib-ni-(d)IM qí-bi-ma um-ma ṣí-lá-(d)IM-ma 2.5 GÚ lu-lá-am 9 DUG a-lá-ni ib-ni-(d)IM na-áš-a-ku-nu-tí a-ḫu-ú-a a-tù-nu lu-lá-am ù a-lá-ni a ší-mì-im dí-na 5 u₄-me-e ib-ni-(d)IM lá i-sà-ḫu-ur ṭur₄-da-ni-šu šu-ma KÙ.BABBAR ší-im lu-li-im ù a-lá-ni a-na ší-im 10 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A ba-tí-iq KÙ.BABBAR ib-ni-(d)IM lu-ra-dí sú-am ša en-um-a-šur ú-kà-lu a ší-mì-im dí-na-ší-ma KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu li-il₅-qé-ma ù ṭup-pè-a ki-lá-li-ma ša ḫu-bu-li-a a-na ib-ni-(d)IM dí-na-ma lu-ub-lá-am a-na en-um-a-šur qí-bi-ma a-ḫi a-ta a-na-kam a-na ṣí-ib-tim e-né-kà lá ta-na-ší-ma i-dí-tí-šu lá ta-ṭá-ra-da-ni ù a-na-ku a-we-el gi-mì-lim ṣí-li-ni … 2 ar-za-li … na-áš-ú-ni-kum za-áp-ru-tim … ša … na-áš-ú-ni-kum\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Uṣurānum, Ennam-Aššur and Ibni-Adad from Ṣill-Adad: Ibni-Adad brings you 2.5 talents of and 9 jars of acorns. My dear brothers, offer the and the acorns for sale. Ibni-Adad must not tarry 5 days, send him. If the silver, the proceeds of the and the acorns does not cover the price of 10 talents of wool, Ibni-Adad shall add the missing silver. The grinding-stone that Ennam-Aššur has, offer that for sale and let him take the silver for it, and give both of my tablets concerning my debt to Ibni-Adad so he can bring them. To Ennam-Aššur: My dear brother, do not covet interest there and do not send me to court with him. I too am a man of favors. ... They bring you 2 they bring you.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 28d4a4b2-f9df-4d3a-9fba-73dc2ed357df |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na a-mur-(d)UTU a-šùr-DU₁₀ ù lá-qé-pí-im qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr-ma 20 2 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A ku-nu-ki-a 94 maš-ki 10 ANŠE.ḪI.A ṣa-lá-mì ú ú-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim ša-lim-ar-dí ù šé-ep-IŠTAR i-ra-dí-ú-ni-ku-nu-tí a-ma-kam ša-áp-tám ú maš-ki i ḫu-ur-ší-im pí-iḫ-a-ma ṣú-ḫa-ri ṭù-ur-da-nim bé-tám e-li-am ku-nu-ki-a pé-té-a-ma i-na ta-ma-lá-ki-im 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-mu-ra-am ú 1 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ ku-un-kà-ma ú 1 (TÚG)tí-sà-ba-am SIG₅ ú-tù-ur-tám ša a-na li-tab-ší-a a-šùr-DU₁₀ iq-bi-a-ni a-na ší-mì-šu a-šùr-DU₁₀ li-dí-na-ku-nu-tí-ma iš-tí KÙ.BABBAR a-na ṣú-ḫa-ri dí-na-ma lu-ub-lu-nim ú-ma-kál lá i-bi-tù ú du-ug-li uṣ-ra-šu-nu-tí bi-tám i-na ku-nu-ki-ku-nu ku-un-kà\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Amur-Šamaš, Aššur-ṭāb and Lā-qēp from Ennam-Aššur: 22 talents of wool under my seal, 94 fleeces, 10 black donkeys and their harness - all this Šalim-wardī and Šēp-Ištar lead to you. Lock the wool and the hides in the store room there and send me the servants. Open the upper storey sealed by me, and seal in the -container 0.5 mina of checked silver and 1 mina of good copper; also, Aššur-ṭāb should give you for sale 1 -textile of extra-fine quality which he promised me for my clothing, and then give it together with the silver to the servants so they may bring it. They should not rest a single night. Also, as to the -implements, guard them. Seal the house with your own seals. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n
So the big question is there access to the original signs, maybe even in the form of unicode symbols to help correct and normalize the transliterations?
", "rawMarkdown": "When analyzing the train dataset I noticed a possible discrepancy in how some logograms are transliterated. Shining some light on the matter would help normalizing the texts.\n\n## PUZUR₄ vs. PÚZUR\n### PUZUR₄\nThis one is used predominantly in a prefix position (as part of the name, which is suggested by the hyphen in translations).\n\n#### Many signs, single translation?\nSome transliterations and translations do not match, which I found to be normal in some cases, but here I'm not sure. Either is an error or makes the transliteration more complicated (many signs have an identical translation).\n\nIn *004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e* the transliteration of MAN-a-šur is translated as Puzur-Aššur\nIn *0480d321-8019-4775-bb29-5ac41b659c02* the transliteration PUZUR₄-a-mur is translated as Puzur-Aššur.\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| KIŠIB ma-nu-ba-lúm-a-šur DUMU ṣí-lá-(d)IM KIŠIB šu-(d)EN.LÍL DUMU ma-nu-ki-a-šur KIŠIB \n*MAN-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a* 0.33333 ma-na 2 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR SIG₅ i-ṣé-er PUZUR₄-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a a-lá-ḫu-um i-šu iš-tù ḫa-muš-tim ša ì-lí-dan ITU.KAM ša ke-na-tim li-mu-um e-na-sú-in a-na ITU 14 ḫa-am-ša-tim i-ša-qal šu-ma lá iš-qú-ul 1.5 GÍN.TA a-na 1 ma-na-im i-na ITU.1.KAM ṣí-ib-tám ú-ṣa-áb\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Seal of Mannum-balum-Aššur son of Ṣilli-Adad, seal of Šu-Illil son of Mannum-kī-Aššur, seal of *Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya*. Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya owes 22 shekels of good silver to Ali-ahum. Reckoned from the week of Ilī-dan, month of Ša-kēnātim, in the eponymy of Enna-Suen, he will pay in 14 weeks. If he has not paid in time, he will add interest at the rate 1.5 shekel per mina per month.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 020aa8bd-69a4-43a9-8120-efd9e587bb1c |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| i-ku-pí-a ù en-um-a-šur iṣ-bu-tù-ni-a-tí-ma um-ma i-ku-pì-a-ma a-na en-um-a-šur-ma 5 GÚ URUDU ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am ḫu-ub-lam-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU li-pu-ul-kà 5 GÚ URUDU ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am en-um-a-šur a-na i-ku-pí-a iḫ-bu-ul-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU en-um-a-šur e-pu-ul um-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU-ma a-na 15 u₄-me-e 5 GÚ URUDU-a-kà a-na-ku a-ša-qá-lá-ku-um um-ma en-um-a-šur-ma šu-ma-ba i-na 15 u₄-me-e u₄-mu-ú mì-ma e-ta-at-qú um-ma i-ku-pí-a-ma 5 GÚ URUDU-a-kà ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am PUZUR₄-(d)UTU li-iš-qú-lá-kum a-na ṣí-ib-tim ma-lá u₄-mu e-tí-qú-ni-ni i-a-tí URUDU a-nim a-na 4 u₄-me DINGIR i-ša-ḫi-iṭ-ma ḫa-muš-tum ša (d)IM-ṣú-lu-li x x-x ITU.KAM ku-zal-li li-mu-um ṣí-lu-lu um-ma i-ku-pí-a-ma a-na en-um-a-šur-ma i-nu-mì a-na pu-ru-uš-ḫa-dim té-ra-ba-ni ù a-ta ša KÙ.BABBAR 1 ma-na ù 2 ma-na a-na-aḫ-ta-kà ta-lá-qé-ma ù a-na-ku lá-ag-mì-il₅-kà a-na a-wa-tim a-ni-a-tim kà-ru-um wa-aḫ-šu-ša-na i-dí-ni-a-tí-ma IGI GÍR ša a-šu\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Ikūn-pīya and Ennam-Aššur seized us, and Ikūn-pīya said to Ennam-Aššur: Lend me 5 talents of washed, broken copper, and have Puzur-Šamaš reimburse you.\" Ennam-Aššur lent 5 talents of washed, broken copper to Ikūn-pīya and Puzur-Šamaš should reimburse Ennam-Aššur. Puzur-Šamaš said: \"Within 15 days I shall personally pay you your 5 talents of copper.\" Ennam-Aššur answered: \"What then if indeed on the 15th day your terms become exceeded at all?\" Ikūn-pīya answered: \"Let Puzur-Šamaš pay you your 5 talents of washed, broken copper. As for the interest, as much as the term is exceeded this copper is my obligation.\" In 4 days the god will rise and it is the week of Adad-ṣulūlī ... month Kuzallu, eponymy Ṣilūlu. Ikūn-pīya continued saying to Ennam-Aššur: \"When you arrive at Purušhaddum, then you will personally receive your earnings from 1 or 2 minas of silver, and thus I shall do you a favour myself.\" The Wahšušana colony gave us for these proceedings and we gave our testimony before Aššur's dagger. Witnessed by Aššur-idī, by Elāli; Puzur-ilī son of Balzuenum was our (absent) partner. \"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 02df45ee-6d74-46fb-9870-3e546ce7d304 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na PUZUR₄-(d)IM lá-dí-a en-um-a-šur en-na-sú-in a-šur-i-dí i-ku-pí-a ù li-lá qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr ù a-lá-ḫu-um-ma i-na 40 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša i-dí-a-šur um-me-a-ni e-pu-lu ša 22 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša li-bi₄ a-lá-ḫi-im KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu a-na-kam né-nu um-me-a-ni nu-ṭá-ib ŠÀ.BA ša 22 GÚ URUDU qá-ta-tí-šu-nu ì-lí-a i-tur₄-DINGIR ù i-dí-ku-bu-um KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu il₅-qé-ú ší-tí URUDU 18 GÚ 6 ma-na URUDU i li-bi i-dí-a-šur a-lá-an a-nim mì-ma i li-bi-šu ú-lá i-ba-ší šu-ma a-na qá-ta-tí-šu-nu en-um-a-šur ù i-ku-pí-a i-ma-ṣí-ú qá-ta-tí-šu-nu li-il₅-qé-ú-ma ší-bi šu-uk-na-šu-nu-tí bé-lu-ni a-tù-nu ú tí-ir-ta-ku-nu li-li-kam ù bé-lu KÙ.BABBAR ma-du-tum ša lá il₅-qé-ú-ni a-ḫu-ru\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Puzur-Adad, Ladiya, Ennam-Aššur, Enna-Suen, Aššur-idī, Ikūn-pīya and Lila from Ennam-Aššur and Ali-ahum: Of the 40 talents of good copper about which Iddin-Aššur reached an agreement with the investors, we have here satisfied in silver the investors for the 22 talents of good copper that was in Ali-ahum's possession. Thereof, for the 22 talents of copper, their shares, Iliya, Itūr-ilī and Iddin-Kūbum have received its value in silver. The rest of the copper, 18 talents 6 minas of copper, is in Iddin-Aššur's possession. Apart from this nothing is in his possession. If Ennam-Aššur and Ikūn-pīya take responsibility for their shares, they may receive their shares, but set witnesses for them. Our dear lords, also, send us word, for a great many creditors who have received nothing remain.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 041c9029-8f6f-40f8-989b-77a75878221c |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na a-lá-ḫi-im qí-bi₄-ma um-ma PUZUR₄-a-šur-ma 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-na pá-ni-a ša a-ḫu-zu-ma tù-šé-bi₄-lá-ni 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ku-nu-ki-a en-na-num DUMU ku-zi-a ub-lá-ku-um a-ḫi a-ta na-áš-pè-ra-tim ša a-lim(ki) ša en-na-num ub-lá-ku-ni i-ḫi-id-ma a ba-tí-qí-im pá-ni-im-ma dí-in-ma lu-ub-lu iš-tí wa-ṣí-im pá-ni-im-ma lu-ṣí-am\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Ali-ahum from Puzur-Aššur: 0.5 mina of silver that I acquired for myself(?) and you sent to me, 0.5 mina of silver under my seal Ennānum son of Kuziya brought to you. My dear brother, pay attention to the missives from the City that Ennānum brought to you, and give it (an answer?) to the very first express transport so they may bring it. He should leave with the first travellers to depart.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0480d321-8019-4775-bb29-5ac41b659c02 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ku-li-a qí-bi-ma um-ma a-sá-num-ma a-šu-mì a-ší-im sá-aḫ-ra-a-ku a-ši-a-im i-ma-gu₅-ru a-da-šu-ma a-ta-be-a-am-ma a-ta-lá-kam a-dí-i na-áš-pè-er-tí-kà ša a-šu-mì kà-lá-pí-im i-li-kà-ni ší-bé-e a-dí-ni lá aḫ-ri-im i ší-be-a a-zu kà-ṣa-ar PUZUR₄-a-mur be-li a-ta a-na a-na PUZUR₄-a-mur pu-nu-ma a-zu-ú li-iṭ-ru-dam iš-tí tap-pá-i-šu ší-bu-tám li-dí-nam i-na lá i-da-i-a a-mì-ša-am i-tal-kam um-ma šu-ut-ma a-na e-lá-lí a-lá-ak\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Kuliya, say, thus says Asānum: I am still staying (here) because of the meteoric iron. When they agree with the (quality / price of the) iron I will sell it, get ready and leave to you. As for your letter which arrived here concerning the axe, I have not yet recorded (the dispositions) of the witnesses. Among my witnesses figures Azu, the transporter of Puzur-Aššur. Please, my lord, approach Puzur-Aššur and let him send Azu to me, so that he can testify for me together with his colleagues. whithout my knowledge he has left for there, saying: I am going to Elālī.\"\"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n### PÚZUR\nThis seems to appear in a similar position (as part of the given name?)\n\n#### Possible different readings of the same transliterations\nIn *017c5be4-f459-4ef5-a045-5933e79c01f9* PÚZUR-a-šur is translated as Puzur-Assur in the first occurrence and as Puzur-Istar in the second. If there is some context hidden in the transliterations (gender prefixes, suffixes, etc.) it would be awesome to get some more informations on them. In this particular case there are also no diacritics in the translation, which makes me hypothesize that it was the translators choice and that the translations were not normalized, likely due to the load of the data.\n\n
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 017c5be4-f459-4ef5-a045-5933e79c01f9 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša PÚZUR-a-šur ù PÚZUR-(d)IŠKUR ṭup-pu-um ša 4 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša PÚZUR-a-šur ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-sà-nim ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša al-pì-lí ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-sà-nim ú PÚZUR-a-šur ṭup-pu-um ša 5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-šùr-ṣú-lu-li ṭup-pu-um ša 17 ma-na 15 GÌN ša e-na-na-tim ṭup-pu-um ša ḫu-bu-ul a-bi-ni i-na ku-bu-ur-na-at al-qé-šu\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| A tablet about 10 minas of silver of Puzur-Assur and Puzur-Adad; a tablet about 4 minas of silver of Puzur-Assur; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Asanum; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Alpili; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Asanum and Puzur-Istar; a tablet about 5 minas of silver of Assur-sululi; a tablet about 17 minas and 15 shekels of silver of Ennanatum; a tablet about a debt of our father, I obtained it in Kuburnat.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0f932a9f-5d1d-4d5d-b71a-2a17e8397554 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ku-li-a DUMU a-lá-bi₄-im ḫa-nu-nu DUMU en-um-a-šur ú-ṣur-ša-a-šùr DUMU PÚZUR-a-šur ú a-šur-lá-ma-sí DUMU a-šur-na-da KIŠIB pì-lá-aḫ-IŠTAR DUMU a-šur-na-da\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Kuliya, son of Ali-abum, Hanunu, son of Ennum-Assur, Usur-sa-Assur, son of Puzur-Assur [and Assu]r-lamassi, son of Assur-nada, [seal of] Pilah-Istar son of Assur-nada.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 3bf9e7ec-79cd-4223-875c-2b751b8bb184 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR x-x ḫi-ri-im ša PÚZUR x-x na-áb-sú-in 10 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im pí-ri-kà-ni 9 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ša x-x-x 7 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ša x-x-x ŠU.NÍGIN 1 ma-na 1 x-x-x a-na KÙ.BABBAR a-nim 10 GÍN KÙ.GI x x x a-šùr-ṣú-lu-li x x 10 GÍN KÙ.GI x x x ša ša-ku-ul-tim ŠU.NÍGIN 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.GI ù 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR mì-ma a-nim ku-nu-ki-a PÚZUR.IŠTAR DUMU en-na-nim za-al-pá-i-um a-na kà-li-tí-ni ú-bi₄-il₅ IGI a-šùr-e-mu-qí DUMU ga-za-nim-DUB.SAR\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 0.3333 mina of silver for ... of Puzur- ... Nab-Suen, 10 shekels of silver the price of pirikannu-textiles, 9 shekels of silver of ..., 7 shekels of silver of ..., in all 1 mina 1 ... shekels of silver. For this silver ... 10 shekels of gold ... Assur-sululi ... 10 shekels of gold ... for the dinner. In all 20 shekels of gold and 0.5 mina of silver. All this, under my seal, Puzur-Istar, son of Ennanum, from Zalpa, brought to our bride in spe. In the presence of Assur-emuqi, son of GAZanum, the scribe.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 3d5fb064-3506-4898-b456-21247fc479a8 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| um-ma lá-ma-sà-tum PÚZUR-a-šùr ù en-um-a-šur-ma a-na a-ta-a-a ir-ma-a-šur um-mì-iš-ḫa-ra ù ší-ma-at-IŠTAR qí-bi₄-ma lá li-bi i-lim-ma um-mì-ki ù ki-lá-lá-ma a-ḫu-ú-a me-tù i-na ba-áb mu-wa-tim ša um-mì-ki 3 me-er-e um-mì-a-ni ni-iṣ-ba-at-ma a-na ṣé-er um-mì-ki né-ru-ub-ma IGI 3 me-er-e um-mì-a-ni ta-ma-lá-ke-ša IŠTAR-lá-ma-sí um-mì-ki i-na bu-ul-ṭí-ša-ma ta-ap-ṭù-ur-ma KÙ.BABBAR 1 GÍN i-šu qá-tí-ša ša ib-ší-ú e-mu-ru-ma 2.25 GÍN KÙ.GI ù 8 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR a-na ku-a-tí ta-dí-in 0.5 ma-na 7 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR a-na ì-lí-a a-ḫi-ki ta-dí-in 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-na (d)NIN.ŠUBUR-ba-ni ta-dí-in i-na bu-lu-uṭ um-mì-ki-ma lá-ma a-na sí-kà-tim nu-úṣ-ú ì-lí-a i-na ki-ša-ar-ší-im i-ni-dí iš-tù i-šu qá-tí-šu ig-mu-ru ù nu-a-um ša um-mì-ki e-ḫu-zu ì-lí-a me-er-a-sú a-ḫi-iz nu-a-um gám-ra-am a-na ki-ša-ar-ší-im ig-mu-ur-ma iš-tù nu-a-im ga-ma-ar-šu il₅-qé-ú lu a-na bi-ki-tim ša um-mì-ki ù a-ḫe-ki 0.333\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Thus Lamassutum, Puzur-Aššur and Ennam-Aššur, say to Ataya, Ir'am-Aššur, Ummī-Išhara and Šīmat-Ištar: Unfortunately your mother and both your brothers are dead. When your mother was on her deathbed, we seized three affiliated traders and brought them inside, to your mother and in the presence of these three affiliated traders your mother, while she was alive, opened her coffers and they saw every shekel of silver, her cash money that there was and she gave 2 1 / 4 shekels of gold and 8 shekels of silver to you. 37 shekels of silver she gave to your brother Iliya, 20 shekels of silver she gave to Ilabrat-bāni. While you mother was still alive, before we left for the campaign, Iliya was thrown into jail. After he had spent all he had available and (since) Iliya was married with the daughter of the Anatolian, who had married your mother, that Anatolian paid the expenses made for the jail and after the Anatolian had recovered his expenses, 27 shekels of silver have been spent for the bewailing of your mother and your brothers. Here the representative of the son of hinnāya, the creditor of your brothers, took steps to seize the silver, but Ennam-Aššur and Šumi-abiya, your representatives [] and we said: 'He shall not seize the silver!' Who is he (\"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 42b314af-c18c-438e-9cce-feaddc0af869 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na … ù a-lá-ḫi-im qí-bi-ma um-ma PÚZUR-a-šùr-ma šu-ma ú-ku DUMU ṣí-lu-lu a-ma-kam wa-ša-áb … ṭur₄-da-ni-šu kà-lá ú … KÙ.BABBAR 10 GÍN … lá a-be-el x … we-da-ku … a da-a-ni … a-na en-na-nim pu-nu-a a da … a-na ṣé-ri-a … ṭur-da-ni-ma KÙ.BABBAR 1 GÍN il₅-qé\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To ... and Ali-ahum from Puzur-Aššur: If Uku son of Ṣilūlu lives there, send him. ... at least 10 shekels of silver ... I am alone ... to judges ... Approach Ennānum ... send ... to me, for he received every shekel of silver. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n## SIG₅ vs. SÍG\n### SIG₅\nThe meaning, as consulted via [ORACC website](https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/tcma/Signs/Logograms/index.html) is connected to good, e.g., good quality.\n\nIn *04810846-95dd-4ff0-bd99-33a1da243065* SIG₅-pí-a-šur translates to Damiq-pī-Aššur, which I assume is a standard approach of translating given names, instead of \"Aššur the Good\".\n\n
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| KIŠIB ma-nu-ba-lúm-a-šur DUMU ṣí-lá-(d)IM KIŠIB šu-(d)EN.LÍL DUMU ma-nu-ki-a-šur KIŠIB MAN-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a 0.33333 ma-na 2 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR SIG₅ i-ṣé-er PUZUR₄-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a a-lá-ḫu-um i-šu iš-tù ḫa-muš-tim ša ì-lí-dan ITU.KAM ša ke-na-tim li-mu-um e-na-sú-in a-na ITU 14 ḫa-am-ša-tim i-ša-qal šu-ma lá iš-qú-ul 1.5 GÍN.TA a-na 1 ma-na-im i-na ITU.1.KAM ṣí-ib-tám ú-ṣa-áb\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Seal of Mannum-balum-Aššur son of Ṣilli-Adad, seal of Šu-Illil son of Mannum-kī-Aššur, seal of Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya. Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya owes 22 shekels of good silver to Ali-ahum. Reckoned from the week of Ilī-dan, month of Ša-kēnātim, in the eponymy of Enna-Suen, he will pay in 14 weeks. If he has not paid in time, he will add interest at the rate 1.5 shekel per mina per month.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 01cc1406-fc42-4252-aeae-6b4538b069c5 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im e-ma-ri-im 30 ma-na URUDU IŠTAR-pí-lá-aḫ a-na ar-be-e-šu x ù-kà-pu-ú ša-pì-ú-tim 9 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ i ší-im sú-ub-ri-im 1 ma-na URUDU ší-kam iš-tí DUMU IŠTAR-ba-ni 2 kà-ar-pát kà-mu-nu mì-ma a-nim i-na du-ur-ḫu-mì-it i-ba-ší 10 pí-ri-kà-nu 1 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 2 ú-kà-pé-e 80 lu-ur-ma-tum 10 ma-na Ì.GIŠ sà-ar-dam sà-áp-tí-nam ni-ib-ra-ra-am 2 ší-it-re-e ša za-al-pá 2 e-ma-re ú ù-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim a-na a-šùr-i-mì-tí a-dí-in\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 17 shekels of silver, the price of a donkey, 30 minas of copper of Istar-pilah, 4 sets of thick saddlecloths, 9 minas of refined copper from the price of a slave, 1 mina of sikku-copper with the son of Istar-bani, 2 jars of cumin — all this is available in Durhumit. 10 pirikannu-textiles, 1 talent of wool, 2 saddle-rugs, 80 pomegranates, 10 minas of olive oil, a saptinnu- and a nibraru-textile, 2 scarfs from Zalpa, 2 donkeys with their harness — all this I gave to Assur-imitti.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 02df45ee-6d74-46fb-9870-3e546ce7d304 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na PUZUR₄-(d)IM lá-dí-a en-um-a-šur en-na-sú-in a-šur-i-dí i-ku-pí-a ù li-lá qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr ù a-lá-ḫu-um-ma i-na 40 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša i-dí-a-šur um-me-a-ni e-pu-lu ša 22 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša li-bi₄ a-lá-ḫi-im KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu a-na-kam né-nu um-me-a-ni nu-ṭá-ib ŠÀ.BA ša 22 GÚ URUDU qá-ta-tí-šu-nu ì-lí-a i-tur₄-DINGIR ù i-dí-ku-bu-um KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu il₅-qé-ú ší-tí URUDU 18 GÚ 6 ma-na URUDU i li-bi i-dí-a-šur a-lá-an a-nim mì-ma i li-bi-šu ú-lá i-ba-ší šu-ma a-na qá-ta-tí-šu-nu en-um-a-šur ù i-ku-pí-a i-ma-ṣí-ú qá-ta-tí-šu-nu li-il₅-qé-ú-ma ší-bi šu-uk-na-šu-nu-tí bé-lu-ni a-tù-nu ú tí-ir-ta-ku-nu li-li-kam ù bé-lu KÙ.BABBAR ma-du-tum ša lá il₅-qé-ú-ni a-ḫu-ru\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Puzur-Adad, Ladiya, Ennam-Aššur, Enna-Suen, Aššur-idī, Ikūn-pīya and Lila from Ennam-Aššur and Ali-ahum: Of the 40 talents of good copper about which Iddin-Aššur reached an agreement with the investors, we have here satisfied in silver the investors for the 22 talents of good copper that was in Ali-ahum's possession. Thereof, for the 22 talents of copper, their shares, Iliya, Itūr-ilī and Iddin-Kūbum have received its value in silver. The rest of the copper, 18 talents 6 minas of copper, is in Iddin-Aššur's possession. Apart from this nothing is in his possession. If Ennam-Aššur and Ikūn-pīya take responsibility for their shares, they may receive their shares, but set witnesses for them. Our dear lords, also, send us word, for a great many creditors who have received nothing remain.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 04810846-95dd-4ff0-bd99-33a1da243065 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na en-um-a-šur ù SIG₅-pí-a-šur a-na SIG₅-pí-a-šur qí-bi-ma um-ma ša-ta-na-ma 10 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ṣa-ru-pá-am a-na ší-a-ma-tim a-dí-na-kum 3 ša-lá-ší-šu qá-dum ša ḫa-ra-an a-lim(ki) ḫa-ra-nam ú-qá a-ma-kam KÙ.BABBAR ú ší-a-ma-tí-šu a-na en-um-a-šur šu-qúl\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Ennam-Aššur and Damiq-pī-Aššur; specifically to Damiq-pī-Aššur from Šāt-Anna: I gave you 10 shekels of refined silver for purchases. Three times I waited for the caravan together with those on the road to the City. Pay the silver or the goods bought with it there to Ennam-Aššur.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n### SÍG\nThis one is not transliterated explicitly, which with transliteration text only, gives room for interpretation. [ORACC](https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/tcma/Signs/Logograms/index.html) lists 3 possible sources:\n1. SIG₂ - wool\n2. SIG₄ - mudbrick\n3. SIG₅ - good\n\nIn some of the examples it can be deducted that SIG₂ was used but I have not checked all of the occurences to be sure if some are not SIG₄ or SIG₅.\n\n
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 01cc1406-fc42-4252-aeae-6b4538b069c5 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im e-ma-ri-im 30 ma-na URUDU IŠTAR-pí-lá-aḫ a-na ar-be-e-šu x ù-kà-pu-ú ša-pì-ú-tim 9 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ i ší-im sú-ub-ri-im 1 ma-na URUDU ší-kam iš-tí DUMU IŠTAR-ba-ni 2 kà-ar-pát kà-mu-nu mì-ma a-nim i-na du-ur-ḫu-mì-it i-ba-ší 10 pí-ri-kà-nu 1 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 2 ú-kà-pé-e 80 lu-ur-ma-tum 10 ma-na Ì.GIŠ sà-ar-dam sà-áp-tí-nam ni-ib-ra-ra-am 2 ší-it-re-e ša za-al-pá 2 e-ma-re ú ù-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim a-na a-šùr-i-mì-tí a-dí-in\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 17 shekels of silver, the price of a donkey, 30 minas of copper of Istar-pilah, 4 sets of thick saddlecloths, 9 minas of refined copper from the price of a slave, 1 mina of sikku-copper with the son of Istar-bani, 2 jars of cumin — all this is available in Durhumit. 10 pirikannu-textiles, 1 talent of wool, 2 saddle-rugs, 80 pomegranates, 10 minas of olive oil, a saptinnu- and a nibraru-textile, 2 scarfs from Zalpa, 2 donkeys with their harness — all this I gave to Assur-imitti.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0309d067-0bb7-40f6-9d27-1dfb0c60e507 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 23.5 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 66 maš-ku 10 ANŠE ṣa-lá-mu ú ú-nu-sú-nu 25 TÚG.ḪI.A mì-ma a-nim i ša-ni-tim šé-pí-šu-nu 10 GÍN AN.NA 2 šé-ni-in ša sí-ni-iš-tim 8 šé-ni ša ṣú-ùḫ-ri-im 3 ma-ar-šu e-ba-du-ni du-ug-li mì-ma a-nim a-na qá-tí-šu-nu a-dí-in e-zi-ib sà-ḫe-er-tám ša i pá-ni-tim a qá-tí-šu-nu a-dí-nu-ni 19 GÚ 20 ma-na SÍG.ḪI.A me-at 2 maš-ku i šé-ep a-šu-ú-ma-an i-li-ik\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 23.5 talents of wool, 66 fleeces, 10 black donkeys plus their harness, 25 textiles - all this in their second transport.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0afc88d2-258e-4d6a-8c02-25b605573093 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ṣa-ru-pá-am ù 7.5 GÍN KÙ.GI pá-ša-lam a-šùr-i-mì-tí DUMU e-ta-a i-na ší-im SÍG.ḪI.A ša ú-ší-na-lam il₅-qé IGI e-nu-um-we-er DUMU šu-da-a IGI i-lá-áš-ra-ni DUMU sú-kà-li-a IGI en-na-sú-in DUMU i-dí-a-bi-im IGI DUMU a-bu-bu ta-ar-dí-im\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Aššur-imittī son of Etaya has received 17 minas of refined silver and 7.5 shekels of -gold from the proceeds of Ušinalam's wool. Witnessed by Ennam-Wēr son of Šudaya, by Il-ašrannī son of Sukalliya, by Enna-Suen son of Iddin-abum, by Abūbu's younger son. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 14457418-2863-49ad-860b-89778d8cdd3a |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ú-ṣú-ra-nim en-um-a-šur ù ib-ni-(d)IM qí-bi-ma um-ma ṣí-lá-(d)IM-ma 2.5 GÚ lu-lá-am 9 DUG a-lá-ni ib-ni-(d)IM na-áš-a-ku-nu-tí a-ḫu-ú-a a-tù-nu lu-lá-am ù a-lá-ni a ší-mì-im dí-na 5 u₄-me-e ib-ni-(d)IM lá i-sà-ḫu-ur ṭur₄-da-ni-šu šu-ma KÙ.BABBAR ší-im lu-li-im ù a-lá-ni a-na ší-im 10 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A ba-tí-iq KÙ.BABBAR ib-ni-(d)IM lu-ra-dí sú-am ša en-um-a-šur ú-kà-lu a ší-mì-im dí-na-ší-ma KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu li-il₅-qé-ma ù ṭup-pè-a ki-lá-li-ma ša ḫu-bu-li-a a-na ib-ni-(d)IM dí-na-ma lu-ub-lá-am a-na en-um-a-šur qí-bi-ma a-ḫi a-ta a-na-kam a-na ṣí-ib-tim e-né-kà lá ta-na-ší-ma i-dí-tí-šu lá ta-ṭá-ra-da-ni ù a-na-ku a-we-el gi-mì-lim ṣí-li-ni … 2 ar-za-li … na-áš-ú-ni-kum za-áp-ru-tim … ša … na-áš-ú-ni-kum\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Uṣurānum, Ennam-Aššur and Ibni-Adad from Ṣill-Adad: Ibni-Adad brings you 2.5 talents of and 9 jars of acorns. My dear brothers, offer the and the acorns for sale. Ibni-Adad must not tarry 5 days, send him. If the silver, the proceeds of the and the acorns does not cover the price of 10 talents of wool, Ibni-Adad shall add the missing silver. The grinding-stone that Ennam-Aššur has, offer that for sale and let him take the silver for it, and give both of my tablets concerning my debt to Ibni-Adad so he can bring them. To Ennam-Aššur: My dear brother, do not covet interest there and do not send me to court with him. I too am a man of favors. ... They bring you 2 they bring you.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 28d4a4b2-f9df-4d3a-9fba-73dc2ed357df |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na a-mur-(d)UTU a-šùr-DU₁₀ ù lá-qé-pí-im qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr-ma 20 2 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A ku-nu-ki-a 94 maš-ki 10 ANŠE.ḪI.A ṣa-lá-mì ú ú-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim ša-lim-ar-dí ù šé-ep-IŠTAR i-ra-dí-ú-ni-ku-nu-tí a-ma-kam ša-áp-tám ú maš-ki i ḫu-ur-ší-im pí-iḫ-a-ma ṣú-ḫa-ri ṭù-ur-da-nim bé-tám e-li-am ku-nu-ki-a pé-té-a-ma i-na ta-ma-lá-ki-im 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-mu-ra-am ú 1 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ ku-un-kà-ma ú 1 (TÚG)tí-sà-ba-am SIG₅ ú-tù-ur-tám ša a-na li-tab-ší-a a-šùr-DU₁₀ iq-bi-a-ni a-na ší-mì-šu a-šùr-DU₁₀ li-dí-na-ku-nu-tí-ma iš-tí KÙ.BABBAR a-na ṣú-ḫa-ri dí-na-ma lu-ub-lu-nim ú-ma-kál lá i-bi-tù ú du-ug-li uṣ-ra-šu-nu-tí bi-tám i-na ku-nu-ki-ku-nu ku-un-kà\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Amur-Šamaš, Aššur-ṭāb and Lā-qēp from Ennam-Aššur: 22 talents of wool under my seal, 94 fleeces, 10 black donkeys and their harness - all this Šalim-wardī and Šēp-Ištar lead to you. Lock the wool and the hides in the store room there and send me the servants. Open the upper storey sealed by me, and seal in the -container 0.5 mina of checked silver and 1 mina of good copper; also, Aššur-ṭāb should give you for sale 1 -textile of extra-fine quality which he promised me for my clothing, and then give it together with the silver to the servants so they may bring it. They should not rest a single night. Also, as to the -implements, guard them. Seal the house with your own seals. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n\n\nSo the big question is there access to the original signs, maybe even in the form of unicode symbols to help correct and normalize the transliterations?", "votes": null }, { "id": "3379291", "postDate": "12/19/2025 14:25:22", "content": "
A very thorough question. The quickest way to answer your question about the meaning of the diacritic marks over the vowels is to see \"Additional Characters & Formats (you may encounter):\" on the Overview tab: https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/deep-past-initiative-machine-translation/overview
\nThere you can see that these diacritic marks indicate alternative readings (sub-2 or -3) of the same logogram or syllable. It's a long-standing convention in the field of Assyriology. In the case of PUZUR, the distinction is a moot point. However with SIG (e.g. SIG5 and SIG2) there's a semantic difference.
\nThe majority of these forms are normalized and lemmatized in the lexicon which was provided in the initial dataset (OA_Lexicon_eBL.csv). I would encourage you to not re-invent a new normalization without at least considering using the proposed normalization / lemmatization found in the lexicon we provided.
", "rawMarkdown": "A very thorough question. The quickest way to answer your question about the meaning of the diacritic marks over the vowels is to see \"Additional Characters & Formats (you may encounter):\" on the Overview tab: https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/deep-past-initiative-machine-translation/overview\n\nThere you can see that these diacritic marks indicate alternative readings (sub-2 or -3) of the same logogram or syllable. It's a long-standing convention in the field of Assyriology. In the case of PUZUR, the distinction is a moot point. However with SIG (e.g. SIG5 and SIG2) there's a semantic difference.\n\nThe majority of these forms are normalized and lemmatized in the lexicon which was provided in the initial dataset (OA_Lexicon_eBL.csv). I would encourage you to not re-invent a new normalization without at least considering using the proposed normalization / lemmatization found in the lexicon we provided.", "votes": null }, { "id": "3379308", "postDate": "12/19/2025 15:04:45", "content": "To answer your final question, I would recommend using this TextFabric method (https://nbviewer.org/github/Nino-cunei/oldassyrian/blob/master/tutorial/start.ipynb) for converting transliteration to unicode signs, if you feel that is still necessary for your workflow. Their tutorial is very comprehensive and their code is reproducible.
", "rawMarkdown": "To answer your final question, I would recommend using this TextFabric method (https://nbviewer.org/github/Nino-cunei/oldassyrian/blob/master/tutorial/start.ipynb) for converting transliteration to unicode signs, if you feel that is still necessary for your workflow. Their tutorial is very comprehensive and their code is reproducible.", "votes": null }, { "id": "3379329", "postDate": "12/19/2025 16:25:40", "content": "If I understand correctly in the PUZUR case both examples are the same logogram (PUZUR4) transliterated either as PUZUR (with diacritics) or PUZUR4?
\nThe problem arises when the transliteration of a specific logogram, e.g., SIG2 is written down as SIG. In such cases the additional information is lost and the model would have to figure out the meaning from context.
", "rawMarkdown": "If I understand correctly in the PUZUR case both examples are the same logogram (PUZUR4) transliterated either as PUZUR (with diacritics) or PUZUR4?\n\nThe problem arises when the transliteration of a specific logogram, e.g., SIG2 is written down as SIG. In such cases the additional information is lost and the model would have to figure out the meaning from context.", "votes": null }, { "id": "3379354", "postDate": "12/19/2025 17:06:48", "content": "Not exactly, PUZUR2 (aka PÚZUR) 𒌋𒌋 is the same logogram as MAN. But PUZUR4 𒅤 is a different logogram. However, they are both used primarily in personal names, which result in Puzur in translation.
\nHere's a list of the Old Assyrian signs and values used in the Old Assyrian period: https://situx.github.io/paleordia/signlist/?q=Q15782728&s=Q401&qLabel=Old-Assyrian%20period
\nI'll include the uppercase version of these. If you follow the Additional Characters & Formats, these can be converted:
\nÁ = á= a2 = a₂
\nÀ = à = a3 = a₃
\nÉ = é = e2 = e₂
\nÈ = è = e3 = e₃
\nÍ = í = i2 = i₂
\nÌ = ì = i3 = i₃
\nÚ = ú = u2 = u₂
\nÙ = ù = u3 = u₃
Got it.
\nSo if we kept the original logograms with numbers, e.g., always write PUZUR2 or PUZUR4, we would retain the information about the sign but at the cost of additional noise from the interpretation of potential readings values?
\nThus, the thing that would help in the case of telling SIG2 from SIG4 would be unhelpful in other cases?
", "rawMarkdown": "Got it.\n\nSo if we kept the original logograms with numbers, e.g., always write PUZUR2 or PUZUR4, we would retain the information about the sign but at the cost of additional noise from the interpretation of potential readings values?\n\nThus, the thing that would help in the case of telling SIG2 from SIG4 would be unhelpful in other cases?", "votes": null }, { "id": "3379423", "postDate": "12/19/2025 19:27:22", "content": "Yes, there is an important difference between SIG2 'wool' and SIG5 'of fine quality'. If you find SIG that in most cases it should be SÍG. These small errors might exist because many different scholars contributed to the transliterations over the course of many decades.
", "rawMarkdown": "Yes, there is an important difference between SIG2 'wool' and SIG5 'of fine quality'. If you find SIG that in most cases it should be SÍG. These small errors might exist because many different scholars contributed to the transliterations over the course of many decades.", "votes": null }, { "id": "3387865", "postDate": "01/07/2026 18:02:45", "content": "@deeppast this may sound silly but I am just getting started with this competition. Why are diacritic marks at the end of the word and not right next to the letter? For example, why is it PUZUR2 and not PU2ZUR?
\nI ask this because if a word has multiple vowels how can one infer in which of the vowels goes the diacritic mark?
", "rawMarkdown": "deeppast this may sound silly but I am just getting started with this competition. Why are diacritic marks at the end of the word and not right next to the letter? For example, why is it PUZUR2 and not PU2ZUR? \n\nI ask this because if a word has multiple vowels how can one infer in which of the vowels goes the diacritic mark?", "votes": null } ], "comments": [ { "id": 3379291, "author_name": "deeppast", "author_url": "", "post_date": "12/19/2025 14:25:22", "content": "A very thorough question. The quickest way to answer your question about the meaning of the diacritic marks over the vowels is to see \"Additional Characters & Formats (you may encounter):\" on the Overview tab: https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/deep-past-initiative-machine-translation/overview
\nThere you can see that these diacritic marks indicate alternative readings (sub-2 or -3) of the same logogram or syllable. It's a long-standing convention in the field of Assyriology. In the case of PUZUR, the distinction is a moot point. However with SIG (e.g. SIG5 and SIG2) there's a semantic difference.
\nThe majority of these forms are normalized and lemmatized in the lexicon which was provided in the initial dataset (OA_Lexicon_eBL.csv). I would encourage you to not re-invent a new normalization without at least considering using the proposed normalization / lemmatization found in the lexicon we provided.
", "votes": null, "replies": [ { "id": 3379329, "author_name": "angantyr", "author_url": "", "post_date": "12/19/2025 16:25:40", "content": "If I understand correctly in the PUZUR case both examples are the same logogram (PUZUR4) transliterated either as PUZUR (with diacritics) or PUZUR4?
\nThe problem arises when the transliteration of a specific logogram, e.g., SIG2 is written down as SIG. In such cases the additional information is lost and the model would have to figure out the meaning from context.
", "votes": null, "replies": [ { "id": 3379354, "author_name": "deeppast", "author_url": "", "post_date": "12/19/2025 17:06:48", "content": "Not exactly, PUZUR2 (aka PÚZUR) 𒌋𒌋 is the same logogram as MAN. But PUZUR4 𒅤 is a different logogram. However, they are both used primarily in personal names, which result in Puzur in translation.
\nHere's a list of the Old Assyrian signs and values used in the Old Assyrian period: https://situx.github.io/paleordia/signlist/?q=Q15782728&s=Q401&qLabel=Old-Assyrian%20period
\nI'll include the uppercase version of these. If you follow the Additional Characters & Formats, these can be converted:
\nÁ = á= a2 = a₂
\nÀ = à = a3 = a₃
\nÉ = é = e2 = e₂
\nÈ = è = e3 = e₃
\nÍ = í = i2 = i₂
\nÌ = ì = i3 = i₃
\nÚ = ú = u2 = u₂
\nÙ = ù = u3 = u₃
Got it.
\nSo if we kept the original logograms with numbers, e.g., always write PUZUR2 or PUZUR4, we would retain the information about the sign but at the cost of additional noise from the interpretation of potential readings values?
\nThus, the thing that would help in the case of telling SIG2 from SIG4 would be unhelpful in other cases?
", "votes": null, "replies": [ { "id": 3379423, "author_name": "deeppast", "author_url": "", "post_date": "12/19/2025 19:27:22", "content": "Yes, there is an important difference between SIG2 'wool' and SIG5 'of fine quality'. If you find SIG that in most cases it should be SÍG. These small errors might exist because many different scholars contributed to the transliterations over the course of many decades.
", "votes": null, "replies": [] } ] }, { "id": 3387865, "author_name": "alejopaullier", "author_url": "", "post_date": "01/07/2026 18:02:45", "content": "@deeppast this may sound silly but I am just getting started with this competition. Why are diacritic marks at the end of the word and not right next to the letter? For example, why is it PUZUR2 and not PU2ZUR?
\nI ask this because if a word has multiple vowels how can one infer in which of the vowels goes the diacritic mark?
", "votes": null, "replies": [] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": 3379308, "author_name": "deeppast", "author_url": "", "post_date": "12/19/2025 15:04:45", "content": "To answer your final question, I would recommend using this TextFabric method (https://nbviewer.org/github/Nino-cunei/oldassyrian/blob/master/tutorial/start.ipynb) for converting transliteration to unicode signs, if you feel that is still necessary for your workflow. Their tutorial is very comprehensive and their code is reproducible.
", "votes": null, "replies": [] } ], "raw_markdown_by_id": { "3378927": "When analyzing the train dataset I noticed a possible discrepancy in how some logograms are transliterated. Shining some light on the matter would help normalizing the texts.\n\n## PUZUR₄ vs. PÚZUR\n### PUZUR₄\nThis one is used predominantly in a prefix position (as part of the name, which is suggested by the hyphen in translations).\n\n#### Many signs, single translation?\nSome transliterations and translations do not match, which I found to be normal in some cases, but here I'm not sure. Either is an error or makes the transliteration more complicated (many signs have an identical translation).\n\nIn *004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e* the transliteration of MAN-a-šur is translated as Puzur-Aššur\nIn *0480d321-8019-4775-bb29-5ac41b659c02* the transliteration PUZUR₄-a-mur is translated as Puzur-Aššur.\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| KIŠIB ma-nu-ba-lúm-a-šur DUMU ṣí-lá-(d)IM KIŠIB šu-(d)EN.LÍL DUMU ma-nu-ki-a-šur KIŠIB \n*MAN-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a* 0.33333 ma-na 2 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR SIG₅ i-ṣé-er PUZUR₄-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a a-lá-ḫu-um i-šu iš-tù ḫa-muš-tim ša ì-lí-dan ITU.KAM ša ke-na-tim li-mu-um e-na-sú-in a-na ITU 14 ḫa-am-ša-tim i-ša-qal šu-ma lá iš-qú-ul 1.5 GÍN.TA a-na 1 ma-na-im i-na ITU.1.KAM ṣí-ib-tám ú-ṣa-áb\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Seal of Mannum-balum-Aššur son of Ṣilli-Adad, seal of Šu-Illil son of Mannum-kī-Aššur, seal of *Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya*. Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya owes 22 shekels of good silver to Ali-ahum. Reckoned from the week of Ilī-dan, month of Ša-kēnātim, in the eponymy of Enna-Suen, he will pay in 14 weeks. If he has not paid in time, he will add interest at the rate 1.5 shekel per mina per month.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 020aa8bd-69a4-43a9-8120-efd9e587bb1c |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| i-ku-pí-a ù en-um-a-šur iṣ-bu-tù-ni-a-tí-ma um-ma i-ku-pì-a-ma a-na en-um-a-šur-ma 5 GÚ URUDU ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am ḫu-ub-lam-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU li-pu-ul-kà 5 GÚ URUDU ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am en-um-a-šur a-na i-ku-pí-a iḫ-bu-ul-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU en-um-a-šur e-pu-ul um-ma PUZUR₄-(d)UTU-ma a-na 15 u₄-me-e 5 GÚ URUDU-a-kà a-na-ku a-ša-qá-lá-ku-um um-ma en-um-a-šur-ma šu-ma-ba i-na 15 u₄-me-e u₄-mu-ú mì-ma e-ta-at-qú um-ma i-ku-pí-a-ma 5 GÚ URUDU-a-kà ma-sí-am ša-bu-ra-am PUZUR₄-(d)UTU li-iš-qú-lá-kum a-na ṣí-ib-tim ma-lá u₄-mu e-tí-qú-ni-ni i-a-tí URUDU a-nim a-na 4 u₄-me DINGIR i-ša-ḫi-iṭ-ma ḫa-muš-tum ša (d)IM-ṣú-lu-li x x-x ITU.KAM ku-zal-li li-mu-um ṣí-lu-lu um-ma i-ku-pí-a-ma a-na en-um-a-šur-ma i-nu-mì a-na pu-ru-uš-ḫa-dim té-ra-ba-ni ù a-ta ša KÙ.BABBAR 1 ma-na ù 2 ma-na a-na-aḫ-ta-kà ta-lá-qé-ma ù a-na-ku lá-ag-mì-il₅-kà a-na a-wa-tim a-ni-a-tim kà-ru-um wa-aḫ-šu-ša-na i-dí-ni-a-tí-ma IGI GÍR ša a-šu\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Ikūn-pīya and Ennam-Aššur seized us, and Ikūn-pīya said to Ennam-Aššur: Lend me 5 talents of washed, broken copper, and have Puzur-Šamaš reimburse you.\" Ennam-Aššur lent 5 talents of washed, broken copper to Ikūn-pīya and Puzur-Šamaš should reimburse Ennam-Aššur. Puzur-Šamaš said: \"Within 15 days I shall personally pay you your 5 talents of copper.\" Ennam-Aššur answered: \"What then if indeed on the 15th day your terms become exceeded at all?\" Ikūn-pīya answered: \"Let Puzur-Šamaš pay you your 5 talents of washed, broken copper. As for the interest, as much as the term is exceeded this copper is my obligation.\" In 4 days the god will rise and it is the week of Adad-ṣulūlī ... month Kuzallu, eponymy Ṣilūlu. Ikūn-pīya continued saying to Ennam-Aššur: \"When you arrive at Purušhaddum, then you will personally receive your earnings from 1 or 2 minas of silver, and thus I shall do you a favour myself.\" The Wahšušana colony gave us for these proceedings and we gave our testimony before Aššur's dagger. Witnessed by Aššur-idī, by Elāli; Puzur-ilī son of Balzuenum was our (absent) partner. \"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 02df45ee-6d74-46fb-9870-3e546ce7d304 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na PUZUR₄-(d)IM lá-dí-a en-um-a-šur en-na-sú-in a-šur-i-dí i-ku-pí-a ù li-lá qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr ù a-lá-ḫu-um-ma i-na 40 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša i-dí-a-šur um-me-a-ni e-pu-lu ša 22 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša li-bi₄ a-lá-ḫi-im KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu a-na-kam né-nu um-me-a-ni nu-ṭá-ib ŠÀ.BA ša 22 GÚ URUDU qá-ta-tí-šu-nu ì-lí-a i-tur₄-DINGIR ù i-dí-ku-bu-um KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu il₅-qé-ú ší-tí URUDU 18 GÚ 6 ma-na URUDU i li-bi i-dí-a-šur a-lá-an a-nim mì-ma i li-bi-šu ú-lá i-ba-ší šu-ma a-na qá-ta-tí-šu-nu en-um-a-šur ù i-ku-pí-a i-ma-ṣí-ú qá-ta-tí-šu-nu li-il₅-qé-ú-ma ší-bi šu-uk-na-šu-nu-tí bé-lu-ni a-tù-nu ú tí-ir-ta-ku-nu li-li-kam ù bé-lu KÙ.BABBAR ma-du-tum ša lá il₅-qé-ú-ni a-ḫu-ru\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Puzur-Adad, Ladiya, Ennam-Aššur, Enna-Suen, Aššur-idī, Ikūn-pīya and Lila from Ennam-Aššur and Ali-ahum: Of the 40 talents of good copper about which Iddin-Aššur reached an agreement with the investors, we have here satisfied in silver the investors for the 22 talents of good copper that was in Ali-ahum's possession. Thereof, for the 22 talents of copper, their shares, Iliya, Itūr-ilī and Iddin-Kūbum have received its value in silver. The rest of the copper, 18 talents 6 minas of copper, is in Iddin-Aššur's possession. Apart from this nothing is in his possession. If Ennam-Aššur and Ikūn-pīya take responsibility for their shares, they may receive their shares, but set witnesses for them. Our dear lords, also, send us word, for a great many creditors who have received nothing remain.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 041c9029-8f6f-40f8-989b-77a75878221c |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na a-lá-ḫi-im qí-bi₄-ma um-ma PUZUR₄-a-šur-ma 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-na pá-ni-a ša a-ḫu-zu-ma tù-šé-bi₄-lá-ni 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ku-nu-ki-a en-na-num DUMU ku-zi-a ub-lá-ku-um a-ḫi a-ta na-áš-pè-ra-tim ša a-lim(ki) ša en-na-num ub-lá-ku-ni i-ḫi-id-ma a ba-tí-qí-im pá-ni-im-ma dí-in-ma lu-ub-lu iš-tí wa-ṣí-im pá-ni-im-ma lu-ṣí-am\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Ali-ahum from Puzur-Aššur: 0.5 mina of silver that I acquired for myself(?) and you sent to me, 0.5 mina of silver under my seal Ennānum son of Kuziya brought to you. My dear brother, pay attention to the missives from the City that Ennānum brought to you, and give it (an answer?) to the very first express transport so they may bring it. He should leave with the first travellers to depart.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0480d321-8019-4775-bb29-5ac41b659c02 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ku-li-a qí-bi-ma um-ma a-sá-num-ma a-šu-mì a-ší-im sá-aḫ-ra-a-ku a-ši-a-im i-ma-gu₅-ru a-da-šu-ma a-ta-be-a-am-ma a-ta-lá-kam a-dí-i na-áš-pè-er-tí-kà ša a-šu-mì kà-lá-pí-im i-li-kà-ni ší-bé-e a-dí-ni lá aḫ-ri-im i ší-be-a a-zu kà-ṣa-ar PUZUR₄-a-mur be-li a-ta a-na a-na PUZUR₄-a-mur pu-nu-ma a-zu-ú li-iṭ-ru-dam iš-tí tap-pá-i-šu ší-bu-tám li-dí-nam i-na lá i-da-i-a a-mì-ša-am i-tal-kam um-ma šu-ut-ma a-na e-lá-lí a-lá-ak\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Kuliya, say, thus says Asānum: I am still staying (here) because of the meteoric iron. When they agree with the (quality / price of the) iron I will sell it, get ready and leave to you. As for your letter which arrived here concerning the axe, I have not yet recorded (the dispositions) of the witnesses. Among my witnesses figures Azu, the transporter of Puzur-Aššur. Please, my lord, approach Puzur-Aššur and let him send Azu to me, so that he can testify for me together with his colleagues. whithout my knowledge he has left for there, saying: I am going to Elālī.\"\"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n### PÚZUR\nThis seems to appear in a similar position (as part of the given name?)\n\n#### Possible different readings of the same transliterations\nIn *017c5be4-f459-4ef5-a045-5933e79c01f9* PÚZUR-a-šur is translated as Puzur-Assur in the first occurrence and as Puzur-Istar in the second. If there is some context hidden in the transliterations (gender prefixes, suffixes, etc.) it would be awesome to get some more informations on them. In this particular case there are also no diacritics in the translation, which makes me hypothesize that it was the translators choice and that the translations were not normalized, likely due to the load of the data.\n\n
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 017c5be4-f459-4ef5-a045-5933e79c01f9 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša PÚZUR-a-šur ù PÚZUR-(d)IŠKUR ṭup-pu-um ša 4 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša PÚZUR-a-šur ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-sà-nim ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša al-pì-lí ṭup-pu-um ša 10 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-sà-nim ú PÚZUR-a-šur ṭup-pu-um ša 5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ša a-šùr-ṣú-lu-li ṭup-pu-um ša 17 ma-na 15 GÌN ša e-na-na-tim ṭup-pu-um ša ḫu-bu-ul a-bi-ni i-na ku-bu-ur-na-at al-qé-šu\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| A tablet about 10 minas of silver of Puzur-Assur and Puzur-Adad; a tablet about 4 minas of silver of Puzur-Assur; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Asanum; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Alpili; a tablet about 10 minas of silver of Asanum and Puzur-Istar; a tablet about 5 minas of silver of Assur-sululi; a tablet about 17 minas and 15 shekels of silver of Ennanatum; a tablet about a debt of our father, I obtained it in Kuburnat.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0f932a9f-5d1d-4d5d-b71a-2a17e8397554 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ku-li-a DUMU a-lá-bi₄-im ḫa-nu-nu DUMU en-um-a-šur ú-ṣur-ša-a-šùr DUMU PÚZUR-a-šur ú a-šur-lá-ma-sí DUMU a-šur-na-da KIŠIB pì-lá-aḫ-IŠTAR DUMU a-šur-na-da\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Kuliya, son of Ali-abum, Hanunu, son of Ennum-Assur, Usur-sa-Assur, son of Puzur-Assur [and Assu]r-lamassi, son of Assur-nada, [seal of] Pilah-Istar son of Assur-nada.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 3bf9e7ec-79cd-4223-875c-2b751b8bb184 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR x-x ḫi-ri-im ša PÚZUR x-x na-áb-sú-in 10 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im pí-ri-kà-ni 9 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ša x-x-x 7 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ša x-x-x ŠU.NÍGIN 1 ma-na 1 x-x-x a-na KÙ.BABBAR a-nim 10 GÍN KÙ.GI x x x a-šùr-ṣú-lu-li x x 10 GÍN KÙ.GI x x x ša ša-ku-ul-tim ŠU.NÍGIN 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.GI ù 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR mì-ma a-nim ku-nu-ki-a PÚZUR.IŠTAR DUMU en-na-nim za-al-pá-i-um a-na kà-li-tí-ni ú-bi₄-il₅ IGI a-šùr-e-mu-qí DUMU ga-za-nim-DUB.SAR\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 0.3333 mina of silver for ... of Puzur- ... Nab-Suen, 10 shekels of silver the price of pirikannu-textiles, 9 shekels of silver of ..., 7 shekels of silver of ..., in all 1 mina 1 ... shekels of silver. For this silver ... 10 shekels of gold ... Assur-sululi ... 10 shekels of gold ... for the dinner. In all 20 shekels of gold and 0.5 mina of silver. All this, under my seal, Puzur-Istar, son of Ennanum, from Zalpa, brought to our bride in spe. In the presence of Assur-emuqi, son of GAZanum, the scribe.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 3d5fb064-3506-4898-b456-21247fc479a8 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| um-ma lá-ma-sà-tum PÚZUR-a-šùr ù en-um-a-šur-ma a-na a-ta-a-a ir-ma-a-šur um-mì-iš-ḫa-ra ù ší-ma-at-IŠTAR qí-bi₄-ma lá li-bi i-lim-ma um-mì-ki ù ki-lá-lá-ma a-ḫu-ú-a me-tù i-na ba-áb mu-wa-tim ša um-mì-ki 3 me-er-e um-mì-a-ni ni-iṣ-ba-at-ma a-na ṣé-er um-mì-ki né-ru-ub-ma IGI 3 me-er-e um-mì-a-ni ta-ma-lá-ke-ša IŠTAR-lá-ma-sí um-mì-ki i-na bu-ul-ṭí-ša-ma ta-ap-ṭù-ur-ma KÙ.BABBAR 1 GÍN i-šu qá-tí-ša ša ib-ší-ú e-mu-ru-ma 2.25 GÍN KÙ.GI ù 8 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR a-na ku-a-tí ta-dí-in 0.5 ma-na 7 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR a-na ì-lí-a a-ḫi-ki ta-dí-in 0.33333 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-na (d)NIN.ŠUBUR-ba-ni ta-dí-in i-na bu-lu-uṭ um-mì-ki-ma lá-ma a-na sí-kà-tim nu-úṣ-ú ì-lí-a i-na ki-ša-ar-ší-im i-ni-dí iš-tù i-šu qá-tí-šu ig-mu-ru ù nu-a-um ša um-mì-ki e-ḫu-zu ì-lí-a me-er-a-sú a-ḫi-iz nu-a-um gám-ra-am a-na ki-ša-ar-ší-im ig-mu-ur-ma iš-tù nu-a-im ga-ma-ar-šu il₅-qé-ú lu a-na bi-ki-tim ša um-mì-ki ù a-ḫe-ki 0.333\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Thus Lamassutum, Puzur-Aššur and Ennam-Aššur, say to Ataya, Ir'am-Aššur, Ummī-Išhara and Šīmat-Ištar: Unfortunately your mother and both your brothers are dead. When your mother was on her deathbed, we seized three affiliated traders and brought them inside, to your mother and in the presence of these three affiliated traders your mother, while she was alive, opened her coffers and they saw every shekel of silver, her cash money that there was and she gave 2 1 / 4 shekels of gold and 8 shekels of silver to you. 37 shekels of silver she gave to your brother Iliya, 20 shekels of silver she gave to Ilabrat-bāni. While you mother was still alive, before we left for the campaign, Iliya was thrown into jail. After he had spent all he had available and (since) Iliya was married with the daughter of the Anatolian, who had married your mother, that Anatolian paid the expenses made for the jail and after the Anatolian had recovered his expenses, 27 shekels of silver have been spent for the bewailing of your mother and your brothers. Here the representative of the son of hinnāya, the creditor of your brothers, took steps to seize the silver, but Ennam-Aššur and Šumi-abiya, your representatives [] and we said: 'He shall not seize the silver!' Who is he (\"\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 42b314af-c18c-438e-9cce-feaddc0af869 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na … ù a-lá-ḫi-im qí-bi-ma um-ma PÚZUR-a-šùr-ma šu-ma ú-ku DUMU ṣí-lu-lu a-ma-kam wa-ša-áb … ṭur₄-da-ni-šu kà-lá ú … KÙ.BABBAR 10 GÍN … lá a-be-el x … we-da-ku … a da-a-ni … a-na en-na-nim pu-nu-a a da … a-na ṣé-ri-a … ṭur-da-ni-ma KÙ.BABBAR 1 GÍN il₅-qé\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To ... and Ali-ahum from Puzur-Aššur: If Uku son of Ṣilūlu lives there, send him. ... at least 10 shekels of silver ... I am alone ... to judges ... Approach Ennānum ... send ... to me, for he received every shekel of silver. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n## SIG₅ vs. SÍG\n### SIG₅\nThe meaning, as consulted via [ORACC website](https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/tcma/Signs/Logograms/index.html) is connected to good, e.g., good quality.\n\nIn *04810846-95dd-4ff0-bd99-33a1da243065* SIG₅-pí-a-šur translates to Damiq-pī-Aššur, which I assume is a standard approach of translating given names, instead of \"Aššur the Good\".\n\n
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 004a7dbd-57ce-46f8-9691-409be61c676e |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| KIŠIB ma-nu-ba-lúm-a-šur DUMU ṣí-lá-(d)IM KIŠIB šu-(d)EN.LÍL DUMU ma-nu-ki-a-šur KIŠIB MAN-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a 0.33333 ma-na 2 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR SIG₅ i-ṣé-er PUZUR₄-a-šur DUMU a-ta-a a-lá-ḫu-um i-šu iš-tù ḫa-muš-tim ša ì-lí-dan ITU.KAM ša ke-na-tim li-mu-um e-na-sú-in a-na ITU 14 ḫa-am-ša-tim i-ša-qal šu-ma lá iš-qú-ul 1.5 GÍN.TA a-na 1 ma-na-im i-na ITU.1.KAM ṣí-ib-tám ú-ṣa-áb\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Seal of Mannum-balum-Aššur son of Ṣilli-Adad, seal of Šu-Illil son of Mannum-kī-Aššur, seal of Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya. Puzur-Aššur son of Ataya owes 22 shekels of good silver to Ali-ahum. Reckoned from the week of Ilī-dan, month of Ša-kēnātim, in the eponymy of Enna-Suen, he will pay in 14 weeks. If he has not paid in time, he will add interest at the rate 1.5 shekel per mina per month.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 01cc1406-fc42-4252-aeae-6b4538b069c5 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im e-ma-ri-im 30 ma-na URUDU IŠTAR-pí-lá-aḫ a-na ar-be-e-šu x ù-kà-pu-ú ša-pì-ú-tim 9 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ i ší-im sú-ub-ri-im 1 ma-na URUDU ší-kam iš-tí DUMU IŠTAR-ba-ni 2 kà-ar-pát kà-mu-nu mì-ma a-nim i-na du-ur-ḫu-mì-it i-ba-ší 10 pí-ri-kà-nu 1 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 2 ú-kà-pé-e 80 lu-ur-ma-tum 10 ma-na Ì.GIŠ sà-ar-dam sà-áp-tí-nam ni-ib-ra-ra-am 2 ší-it-re-e ša za-al-pá 2 e-ma-re ú ù-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim a-na a-šùr-i-mì-tí a-dí-in\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 17 shekels of silver, the price of a donkey, 30 minas of copper of Istar-pilah, 4 sets of thick saddlecloths, 9 minas of refined copper from the price of a slave, 1 mina of sikku-copper with the son of Istar-bani, 2 jars of cumin — all this is available in Durhumit. 10 pirikannu-textiles, 1 talent of wool, 2 saddle-rugs, 80 pomegranates, 10 minas of olive oil, a saptinnu- and a nibraru-textile, 2 scarfs from Zalpa, 2 donkeys with their harness — all this I gave to Assur-imitti.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 02df45ee-6d74-46fb-9870-3e546ce7d304 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na PUZUR₄-(d)IM lá-dí-a en-um-a-šur en-na-sú-in a-šur-i-dí i-ku-pí-a ù li-lá qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr ù a-lá-ḫu-um-ma i-na 40 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša i-dí-a-šur um-me-a-ni e-pu-lu ša 22 GÚ URUDU SIG₅ ša li-bi₄ a-lá-ḫi-im KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu a-na-kam né-nu um-me-a-ni nu-ṭá-ib ŠÀ.BA ša 22 GÚ URUDU qá-ta-tí-šu-nu ì-lí-a i-tur₄-DINGIR ù i-dí-ku-bu-um KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu il₅-qé-ú ší-tí URUDU 18 GÚ 6 ma-na URUDU i li-bi i-dí-a-šur a-lá-an a-nim mì-ma i li-bi-šu ú-lá i-ba-ší šu-ma a-na qá-ta-tí-šu-nu en-um-a-šur ù i-ku-pí-a i-ma-ṣí-ú qá-ta-tí-šu-nu li-il₅-qé-ú-ma ší-bi šu-uk-na-šu-nu-tí bé-lu-ni a-tù-nu ú tí-ir-ta-ku-nu li-li-kam ù bé-lu KÙ.BABBAR ma-du-tum ša lá il₅-qé-ú-ni a-ḫu-ru\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Puzur-Adad, Ladiya, Ennam-Aššur, Enna-Suen, Aššur-idī, Ikūn-pīya and Lila from Ennam-Aššur and Ali-ahum: Of the 40 talents of good copper about which Iddin-Aššur reached an agreement with the investors, we have here satisfied in silver the investors for the 22 talents of good copper that was in Ali-ahum's possession. Thereof, for the 22 talents of copper, their shares, Iliya, Itūr-ilī and Iddin-Kūbum have received its value in silver. The rest of the copper, 18 talents 6 minas of copper, is in Iddin-Aššur's possession. Apart from this nothing is in his possession. If Ennam-Aššur and Ikūn-pīya take responsibility for their shares, they may receive their shares, but set witnesses for them. Our dear lords, also, send us word, for a great many creditors who have received nothing remain.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 04810846-95dd-4ff0-bd99-33a1da243065 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na en-um-a-šur ù SIG₅-pí-a-šur a-na SIG₅-pí-a-šur qí-bi-ma um-ma ša-ta-na-ma 10 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ṣa-ru-pá-am a-na ší-a-ma-tim a-dí-na-kum 3 ša-lá-ší-šu qá-dum ša ḫa-ra-an a-lim(ki) ḫa-ra-nam ú-qá a-ma-kam KÙ.BABBAR ú ší-a-ma-tí-šu a-na en-um-a-šur šu-qúl\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Ennam-Aššur and Damiq-pī-Aššur; specifically to Damiq-pī-Aššur from Šāt-Anna: I gave you 10 shekels of refined silver for purchases. Three times I waited for the caravan together with those on the road to the City. Pay the silver or the goods bought with it there to Ennam-Aššur.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n### SÍG\nThis one is not transliterated explicitly, which with transliteration text only, gives room for interpretation. [ORACC](https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/tcma/Signs/Logograms/index.html) lists 3 possible sources:\n1. SIG₂ - wool\n2. SIG₄ - mudbrick\n3. SIG₅ - good\n\nIn some of the examples it can be deducted that SIG₂ was used but I have not checked all of the occurences to be sure if some are not SIG₄ or SIG₅.\n\n
\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 01cc1406-fc42-4252-aeae-6b4538b069c5 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im e-ma-ri-im 30 ma-na URUDU IŠTAR-pí-lá-aḫ a-na ar-be-e-šu x ù-kà-pu-ú ša-pì-ú-tim 9 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ i ší-im sú-ub-ri-im 1 ma-na URUDU ší-kam iš-tí DUMU IŠTAR-ba-ni 2 kà-ar-pát kà-mu-nu mì-ma a-nim i-na du-ur-ḫu-mì-it i-ba-ší 10 pí-ri-kà-nu 1 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 2 ú-kà-pé-e 80 lu-ur-ma-tum 10 ma-na Ì.GIŠ sà-ar-dam sà-áp-tí-nam ni-ib-ra-ra-am 2 ší-it-re-e ša za-al-pá 2 e-ma-re ú ù-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim a-na a-šùr-i-mì-tí a-dí-in\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 17 shekels of silver, the price of a donkey, 30 minas of copper of Istar-pilah, 4 sets of thick saddlecloths, 9 minas of refined copper from the price of a slave, 1 mina of sikku-copper with the son of Istar-bani, 2 jars of cumin — all this is available in Durhumit. 10 pirikannu-textiles, 1 talent of wool, 2 saddle-rugs, 80 pomegranates, 10 minas of olive oil, a saptinnu- and a nibraru-textile, 2 scarfs from Zalpa, 2 donkeys with their harness — all this I gave to Assur-imitti.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0309d067-0bb7-40f6-9d27-1dfb0c60e507 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 23.5 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A 66 maš-ku 10 ANŠE ṣa-lá-mu ú ú-nu-sú-nu 25 TÚG.ḪI.A mì-ma a-nim i ša-ni-tim šé-pí-šu-nu 10 GÍN AN.NA 2 šé-ni-in ša sí-ni-iš-tim 8 šé-ni ša ṣú-ùḫ-ri-im 3 ma-ar-šu e-ba-du-ni du-ug-li mì-ma a-nim a-na qá-tí-šu-nu a-dí-in e-zi-ib sà-ḫe-er-tám ša i pá-ni-tim a qá-tí-šu-nu a-dí-nu-ni 19 GÚ 20 ma-na SÍG.ḪI.A me-at 2 maš-ku i šé-ep a-šu-ú-ma-an i-li-ik\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| 23.5 talents of wool, 66 fleeces, 10 black donkeys plus their harness, 25 textiles - all this in their second transport.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 0afc88d2-258e-4d6a-8c02-25b605573093 |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| 17 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR ṣa-ru-pá-am ù 7.5 GÍN KÙ.GI pá-ša-lam a-šùr-i-mì-tí DUMU e-ta-a i-na ší-im SÍG.ḪI.A ša ú-ší-na-lam il₅-qé IGI e-nu-um-we-er DUMU šu-da-a IGI i-lá-áš-ra-ni DUMU sú-kà-li-a IGI en-na-sú-in DUMU i-dí-a-bi-im IGI DUMU a-bu-bu ta-ar-dí-im\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| Aššur-imittī son of Etaya has received 17 minas of refined silver and 7.5 shekels of -gold from the proceeds of Ušinalam's wool. Witnessed by Ennam-Wēr son of Šudaya, by Il-ašrannī son of Sukalliya, by Enna-Suen son of Iddin-abum, by Abūbu's younger son. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 14457418-2863-49ad-860b-89778d8cdd3a |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na ú-ṣú-ra-nim en-um-a-šur ù ib-ni-(d)IM qí-bi-ma um-ma ṣí-lá-(d)IM-ma 2.5 GÚ lu-lá-am 9 DUG a-lá-ni ib-ni-(d)IM na-áš-a-ku-nu-tí a-ḫu-ú-a a-tù-nu lu-lá-am ù a-lá-ni a ší-mì-im dí-na 5 u₄-me-e ib-ni-(d)IM lá i-sà-ḫu-ur ṭur₄-da-ni-šu šu-ma KÙ.BABBAR ší-im lu-li-im ù a-lá-ni a-na ší-im 10 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A ba-tí-iq KÙ.BABBAR ib-ni-(d)IM lu-ra-dí sú-am ša en-um-a-šur ú-kà-lu a ší-mì-im dí-na-ší-ma KÙ.BABBAR-áp-šu li-il₅-qé-ma ù ṭup-pè-a ki-lá-li-ma ša ḫu-bu-li-a a-na ib-ni-(d)IM dí-na-ma lu-ub-lá-am a-na en-um-a-šur qí-bi-ma a-ḫi a-ta a-na-kam a-na ṣí-ib-tim e-né-kà lá ta-na-ší-ma i-dí-tí-šu lá ta-ṭá-ra-da-ni ù a-na-ku a-we-el gi-mì-lim ṣí-li-ni … 2 ar-za-li … na-áš-ú-ni-kum za-áp-ru-tim … ša … na-áš-ú-ni-kum\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Uṣurānum, Ennam-Aššur and Ibni-Adad from Ṣill-Adad: Ibni-Adad brings you 2.5 talents of and 9 jars of acorns. My dear brothers, offer the and the acorns for sale. Ibni-Adad must not tarry 5 days, send him. If the silver, the proceeds of the and the acorns does not cover the price of 10 talents of wool, Ibni-Adad shall add the missing silver. The grinding-stone that Ennam-Aššur has, offer that for sale and let him take the silver for it, and give both of my tablets concerning my debt to Ibni-Adad so he can bring them. To Ennam-Aššur: My dear brother, do not covet interest there and do not send me to court with him. I too am a man of favors. ... They bring you 2 they bring you.\n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/------------------------------------------------------------\n| Entry: 28d4a4b2-f9df-4d3a-9fba-73dc2ed357df |\n|----------------------------------------------/\n|\n| TRANSLITERATION:\n| a-na a-mur-(d)UTU a-šùr-DU₁₀ ù lá-qé-pí-im qí-bi-ma um-ma en-um-a-šùr-ma 20 2 GÚ SÍG.ḪI.A ku-nu-ki-a 94 maš-ki 10 ANŠE.ḪI.A ṣa-lá-mì ú ú-nu-sú-nu mì-ma a-nim ša-lim-ar-dí ù šé-ep-IŠTAR i-ra-dí-ú-ni-ku-nu-tí a-ma-kam ša-áp-tám ú maš-ki i ḫu-ur-ší-im pí-iḫ-a-ma ṣú-ḫa-ri ṭù-ur-da-nim bé-tám e-li-am ku-nu-ki-a pé-té-a-ma i-na ta-ma-lá-ki-im 0.5 ma-na KÙ.BABBAR a-mu-ra-am ú 1 ma-na URUDU SIG₅ ku-un-kà-ma ú 1 (TÚG)tí-sà-ba-am SIG₅ ú-tù-ur-tám ša a-na li-tab-ší-a a-šùr-DU₁₀ iq-bi-a-ni a-na ší-mì-šu a-šùr-DU₁₀ li-dí-na-ku-nu-tí-ma iš-tí KÙ.BABBAR a-na ṣú-ḫa-ri dí-na-ma lu-ub-lu-nim ú-ma-kál lá i-bi-tù ú du-ug-li uṣ-ra-šu-nu-tí bi-tám i-na ku-nu-ki-ku-nu ku-un-kà\n|\n| TRANSLATION:\n| To Amur-Šamaš, Aššur-ṭāb and Lā-qēp from Ennam-Aššur: 22 talents of wool under my seal, 94 fleeces, 10 black donkeys and their harness - all this Šalim-wardī and Šēp-Ištar lead to you. Lock the wool and the hides in the store room there and send me the servants. Open the upper storey sealed by me, and seal in the -container 0.5 mina of checked silver and 1 mina of good copper; also, Aššur-ṭāb should give you for sale 1 -textile of extra-fine quality which he promised me for my clothing, and then give it together with the silver to the servants so they may bring it. They should not rest a single night. Also, as to the -implements, guard them. Seal the house with your own seals. \n\\------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n\n\nSo the big question is there access to the original signs, maybe even in the form of unicode symbols to help correct and normalize the transliterations?", "3379291": "A very thorough question. The quickest way to answer your question about the meaning of the diacritic marks over the vowels is to see \"Additional Characters & Formats (you may encounter):\" on the Overview tab: https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/deep-past-initiative-machine-translation/overview\n\nThere you can see that these diacritic marks indicate alternative readings (sub-2 or -3) of the same logogram or syllable. It's a long-standing convention in the field of Assyriology. In the case of PUZUR, the distinction is a moot point. However with SIG (e.g. SIG5 and SIG2) there's a semantic difference.\n\nThe majority of these forms are normalized and lemmatized in the lexicon which was provided in the initial dataset (OA_Lexicon_eBL.csv). I would encourage you to not re-invent a new normalization without at least considering using the proposed normalization / lemmatization found in the lexicon we provided.", "3379308": "To answer your final question, I would recommend using this TextFabric method (https://nbviewer.org/github/Nino-cunei/oldassyrian/blob/master/tutorial/start.ipynb) for converting transliteration to unicode signs, if you feel that is still necessary for your workflow. Their tutorial is very comprehensive and their code is reproducible.", "3379329": "If I understand correctly in the PUZUR case both examples are the same logogram (PUZUR4) transliterated either as PUZUR (with diacritics) or PUZUR4?\n\nThe problem arises when the transliteration of a specific logogram, e.g., SIG2 is written down as SIG. In such cases the additional information is lost and the model would have to figure out the meaning from context.", "3379354": "Not exactly, PUZUR2 (aka PÚZUR) 𒌋𒌋 is the same logogram as MAN. But PUZUR4 𒅤 is a different logogram. However, they are both used primarily in personal names, which result in Puzur in translation.\n\nHere's a list of the Old Assyrian signs and values used in the Old Assyrian period: https://situx.github.io/paleordia/signlist/?q=Q15782728&s=Q401&qLabel=Old-Assyrian%20period\n\nI'll include the uppercase version of these. If you follow the Additional Characters & Formats, these can be converted:\n\nÁ = á= a2 = a₂\t\nÀ = à = a3 = a₃\t\nÉ = é = e2 = e₂\t\nÈ = è = e3 = e₃\t\nÍ = í = i2 = i₂\t\nÌ = ì = i3 = i₃\t\nÚ = ú = u2 = u₂\t\nÙ = ù = u3 = u₃", "3379401": "Got it.\n\nSo if we kept the original logograms with numbers, e.g., always write PUZUR2 or PUZUR4, we would retain the information about the sign but at the cost of additional noise from the interpretation of potential readings values?\n\nThus, the thing that would help in the case of telling SIG2 from SIG4 would be unhelpful in other cases?", "3379423": "Yes, there is an important difference between SIG2 'wool' and SIG5 'of fine quality'. If you find SIG that in most cases it should be SÍG. These small errors might exist because many different scholars contributed to the transliterations over the course of many decades.", "3387865": "deeppast this may sound silly but I am just getting started with this competition. Why are diacritic marks at the end of the word and not right next to the letter? For example, why is it PUZUR2 and not PU2ZUR? \n\nI ask this because if a word has multiple vowels how can one infer in which of the vowels goes the diacritic mark?" }, "source": "meta" }