{ "fetched_at": "2026-10-19T21:25:09Z", "source_url": "https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/ensemble-learning/data", "pages": [ { "name": "data-description", "content": "美国成年人口普查数据将收入与年龄、教育、种族等社会因素联系起来。\n\n美国成年人收入数据集由 Barry Becker 从 1994 年美国人口普查数据库中提取。数据集包含匿名信息，例如职业、年龄、原籍国、种族、资本收益、资本损失、教育、工作阶层等。\n每行都标记为工资大于 \">50K\" 或“<=50K”。\n\n该数据集被分成两个 CSV 文件，分别名为adult-training.txt和adult-test.txt。\n\n请注意，数据集由分类和连续特征组成。它还包含缺失值。\n分类列包括：工作类别、教育、教育时长、婚姻状况、职业、社会角色、种族、性别、国籍", "isPublished": false, "hasIsPublished": false, "postTitle": "", "hasPostTitle": false, "mimeType": "", "hasMimeType": false }, { "name": "Description", "content": "提示：\n- 数据集：成人收入数据集包含来自美国人口普查的数据，目标变量是收入类别（大于或小于50K）。特征包括年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、工作类型等。\n- 随机森林：使用多个决策树对数据集进行学习，并通过集成投票的方式提高模型的预测准确度。重点在于决策树的集成，并合理选择树的数量（n_estimators）和每棵树的最大深度（max_depth）。\n- 梯度提升树：使用逐步加法的方式，通过迭代训练一系列弱分类器（决策树），每次训练时重点关注模型前一轮的错误样本。可以使用现成的实现（如XGBoost、LightGBM）来完成。\n- 性能比较：与单个决策树相比，集成学习方法通常能显著提高模型性能。通过比较不同模型的准确率、精确率、召回率等指标，展示集成学习的优势。\n- 调参：通过网格搜索或者随机搜索方法调整集成模型的超参数，找到最优配置。\n", "isPublished": false, "hasIsPublished": false, "postTitle": "", "hasPostTitle": false, "mimeType": "", "hasMimeType": false }, { "name": "Evaluation", "content": "请整理一份简洁的报告，内容应包括以下部分：\n1. 问题定义与任务目标\n介绍所使用的数据集（如Kaggle、鸢尾花、成人收入数据集）以及任务目标。\n2. 数据预处理\n简要说明你如何对数据进行预处理（如归一化、标准化、缺失值处理等）。\n3. 模型设计与实现\n说明你选择的机器学习模型（如神经网络、SVM、集成学习等），并简要描述其原理。\n4. 训练与调参\n讨论模型训练过程、所用的优化方法，并说明如何调节超参数。\n5. 实验结果与性能评估\n展示模型的训练和测试结果（包括准确率、损失等指标），并对结果进行分析。\n6. 结论与讨论\n总结实验结果，讨论模型的优缺点，并提出改进的建议。", "isPublished": false, "hasIsPublished": false, "postTitle": "", "hasPostTitle": false, "mimeType": "", "hasMimeType": false }, { "name": "rules", "content": "1.\t比赛前确定组队名单，并填写在报名表中；\n2.\t每名同学只能参加一支队伍，一旦发现某同学注册多个账号参加多支队伍，该同学成绩记为0分，其余相关人员酌情扣分；\n3.\t队伍名的设定不得违反中国法律法规或社会公序良俗。若命名违规的队伍在收到警告后仍未修改，记0分；\n4.\t参赛成员可以在参赛期间随时上传测试集的预测结果，每天可提交5次，系统会实时更新当前最新榜单排名情况，严禁参赛团队注册其它账号多次提交；\n5.\t测试集(包括用测试集进行数据扩充操作后得到的数据)以及未在提供数据中出现的信息不可以参与模型训练；\n6.\t不允许抄袭，如出现榜单成绩一致的情况，需要相关队伍单独提交情况说明；\n7.\t同学们需保证提交作品的合规性，保存好脚本代码等信息，如有需要，我们将联系复现过程。\n8.\t若出现重大违规的情况，参赛队所有成员成绩记为0。重大违规情况包括：\n（1）使用小号、串通、剽窃他人未公开的代码等涉嫌违规、作弊行为；\n（2）团队提交的材料内容不完整，或提交任何虚假信息，或者是无法复现预测结果；\n（3）参赛团队无法进行足够信服的解释说明提交材料的疑义。", "isPublished": false, "hasIsPublished": false, "postTitle": "", "hasPostTitle": false, "mimeType": "", "hasMimeType": false }, { "name": "abstract", "content": "任务描述：实现两种常见的集成学习模型：随机森林（Random Forest）和梯度提升树（Gradient Boosting Tree），并使用这两种模型在成人收入数据集（Adult Income Dataset）上进行训练与预测。任务要求你在预测分类任务时提高模型的表现，并与单一模型（如决策树）进行对比。", "isPublished": false, "hasIsPublished": false, "postTitle": "", "hasPostTitle": false, "mimeType": "", "hasMimeType": false }, { "name": "foundational-rules", "content": "The following Kaggle Competition Foundational Rules (“ Foundational Rules ”) apply to every competition regardless of whether the Sponsor creates competition-specific rules. Any competition-specific rules provided by the Sponsor are in addition to these rules, and in the case of any conflict or inconsistency, these Foundational Rules control and nullify contrary competition-specific rules.\n###GENERAL COMPETITION RULES - BINDING AGREEMENT\n####1. ELIGIBILITY\na. To be eligible to enter the Competition, you must be:\n1. a registered account holder at Kaggle.com; \n2. the older of 18 years old or the age of majority in your jurisdiction of residence (unless otherwise agreed to by Competition Sponsor and appropriate parental/guardian consents have been obtained by Competition Sponsor); \n3. not a resident of Crimea, so-called Donetsk People's Republic (DNR) or Luhansk People's Republic (LNR), Cuba, Iran, Syria, or North Korea; and\n4. not a person or representative of an entity under U.S. export controls or sanctions (see: [https://www.treasury.gov/resourcecenter/sanctions/Programs/Pages/Programs.aspx][1]).\n\nb. Competitions are open to residents of the United States and worldwide, except that if you are a resident of Crimea, so-called Donetsk People's Republic (DNR) or Luhansk People's Republic (LNR), Cuba, Iran, Syria, North Korea, or are subject to U.S. export controls or sanctions, you may not enter the Competition. Other local rules and regulations may apply to you, so please check your local laws to ensure that you are eligible to participate in skills-based competitions. The Competition Host reserves the right to forego or award alternative Prizes where needed to comply with local laws. If a winner is located in a country where prizes cannot be awarded, then they are not eligible to receive a prize.\n\nc. If you are entering as a representative of a company, educational institution or other legal entity, or on behalf of your employer, these rules are binding on you, individually, and the entity you represent or where you are an employee. If you are acting within the scope of your employment, or as an agent of another party, you warrant that such party or your employer has full knowledge of your actions and has consented thereto, including your potential receipt of a Prize. You further warrant that your actions do not violate your employer's or entity's policies and procedures. \n\nd. The Competition Sponsor reserves the right to verify eligibility and to adjudicate on any dispute at any time. If you provide any false information relating to the Competition concerning your identity, residency, mailing address, telephone number, email address, ownership of right, or information required for entering the Competition, you may be immediately disqualified from the Competition.\n\n####2. SPONSOR AND HOSTING PLATFORM\n\na. The Competition is sponsored by Competition Sponsor named above. The Competition is hosted on behalf of Competition Sponsor by Kaggle Inc. (\"Kaggle\"). Kaggle is an independent contractor of Competition Sponsor, and is not a party to this or any agreement between you and Competition Sponsor. You understand that Kaggle has no responsibility with respect to selecting the potential Competition winner(s) or awarding any Prizes. Kaggle will perform certain administrative functions relating to hosting the Competition, and you agree to abide by the provisions relating to Kaggle under these Rules. As a Kaggle.com account holder and user of the Kaggle competition platform, remember you have accepted and are subject to the Kaggle Terms of Service at [www.kaggle.com/terms][2] in addition to these Rules.\n\n####3. COMPETITION PERIOD\na. For the purposes of Prizes, the Competition will run from the Start Date and time to the Final Submission Deadline (such duration the “Competition Period”). The Competition Timeline is subject to change, and Competition Sponsor may introduce additional hurdle deadlines during the Competition Period. Any updated or additional deadlines will be publicized on the Competition Website. It is your responsibility to check the Competition Website regularly to stay informed of any deadline changes. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINING THE CORRESPONDING TIME ZONE IN YOUR LOCATION.\n\n####4. COMPETITION ENTRY\na. NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. To enter the Competition, you must register on the Competition Website prior to the Entry Deadline, and follow the instructions for developing and entering your Submission through the Competition Website. Your Submissions must be made in the manner and format, and in compliance with all other requirements, stated on the Competition Website (the \"Requirements\"). Submissions must be received before any Submission deadlines stated on the Competition Website. Submissions not received by the stated deadlines will not be eligible to receive a Prize.\nb. Submissions may not use or incorporate information from hand labeling or human prediction of the validation dataset or test data records.\nc. If the Competition is a multi-stage competition with temporally separate training and/or test data, one or more valid Submissions may be required during each Competition stage in the manner described on the Competition Website in order for the Submissions to be Prize eligible.\nd. Submissions are void if they are in whole or part illegible, incomplete, damaged, altered, counterfeit, obtained through fraud, or late. Competition Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify any entrant who does not follow these Rules, including making a Submission that does not meet the Requirements. \n\n####5. INDIVIDUALS AND TEAMS\na. Individual Account. You may make Submissions only under one, unique Kaggle.com account. You will be disqualified if you make Submissions through more than one Kaggle account, or attempt to falsify an account to act as your proxy. You may submit up to the maximum number of Submissions per day as specified on the Competition Website. \nb. Teams. If permitted under the Competition Website guidelines, multiple individuals may collaborate as a Team; however, you may join or form only one Team. Each Team member must be a single individual with a separate Kaggle account. You must register individually for the Competition before joining a Team. You must confirm your Team membership to make it official by responding to the Team notification message sent to your Kaggle account. Team membership may not exceed the Maximum Team Size stated on the Competition Website.\nc. Team Merger. Teams may request to merge via the Competition Website. Team mergers may be allowed provided that: (i) the combined Team does not exceed the Maximum Team Size; (ii) the number of Submissions made by the merging Teams does not exceed the number of Submissions permissible for one Team at the date of the merger request; (iii) the merger is completed before the earlier of: any merger deadline or the Competition deadline; and (iv) the proposed combined Team otherwise meets all the requirements of these Rules. \nd. Private Sharing. No private sharing outside of Teams. Privately sharing code or data outside of Teams is not permitted. It's okay to share code if made available to all Participants on the forums.\n\n####6. SUBMISSION CODE REQUIREMENTS\na. Private Code Sharing. Unless otherwise specifically permitted under the Competition Website or Competition Specific Rules above, during the Competition Period, you are not allowed to privately share source or executable code developed in connection with or based upon the Competition Data or other source or executable code relevant to the Competition (“Competition Code”). This prohibition includes sharing Competition Code between separate Teams, unless a Team merger occurs. Any such sharing of Competition Code is a breach of these Competition Rules and may result in disqualification.\nb. Public Code Sharing. You are permitted to publicly share Competition Code, provided that such public sharing does not violate the intellectual property rights of any third party. If you do choose to share Competition Code or other such code, you are required to share it on Kaggle.com on the discussion forum or notebooks associated specifically with the Competition for the benefit of all competitors. By so sharing, you are deemed to have licensed the shared code under an Open Source Initiative-approved license (see [www.opensource.org][3]) that in no event limits commercial use of such Competition Code or model containing or depending on such Competition Code.\nc. Use of Open Source. Unless otherwise stated in the Specific Competition Rules above, if open source code is used in the model to generate the Submission, then you must only use open source code licensed under an Open Source Initiative-approved license (see [www.opensource.org][4]) that in no event limits commercial use of such code or model containing or depending on such code.\n\n####7. DETERMINING WINNERS\na. Each Submission will be scored and ranked by the evaluation metric stated on the Competition Website. During the Competition Period, the current ranking will be visible on the Competition Website's Public Leaderboard. The potential winner(s) are determined solely by the leaderboard ranking on the Private Leaderboard, subject to compliance with these Rules. The Public Leaderboard will be based on the public test set and the Private Leaderboard will be based on the private test set.\nb. In the event of a tie, the Submission that was entered first to the Competition will be the winner. In the event a potential winner is disqualified for any reason, the Submission that received the next highest score rank will be chosen as the potential winner.\n\n####8. NOTIFICATION OF WINNERS & DISQUALIFICATION\na. The potential winner(s) will be notified by email. \nb. If a potential winner (i) does not respond to the notification attempt within one (1) week from the first notification attempt or (ii) notifies Kaggle within one week after the Final Submission Deadline that the potential winner does not want to be nominated as a winner or does not want to receive a Prize, then, in each case (i) and (ii) such potential winner will not receive any Prize, and an alternate potential winner will be selected from among all eligible entries received based on the Competition’s judging criteria.\nc. In case (i) and (ii) above Kaggle may disqualify the Participant. However, in case (ii) above, if requested by Kaggle, such potential winner may provide code and documentation to verify the Participant’s compliance with these Rules. If the potential winner provides code and documentation to the satisfaction of Kaggle, the Participant will not be disqualified pursuant to this paragraph.\nd. Competition Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify any Participant from the Competition if the Competition Sponsor reasonably believes that the Participant has attempted to undermine the legitimate operation of the Competition by cheating, deception, or other unfair playing practices or abuses, threatens or harasses any other Participants, Competition Sponsor or Kaggle.\ne. A disqualified Participant may be removed from the Competition leaderboard, at Kaggle's sole discretion. If a Participant is removed from the Competition Leaderboard, additional winning features associated with the Kaggle competition platform, for example Kaggle points or medals, may also not be awarded.\nf. The final leaderboard list will be publicly displayed at Kaggle.com. Determinations of Competition Sponsor are final and binding.\n\n####9. PRIZES\na. Prize(s) are as described on the Competition Website and are only available for winning during the time period described on the Competition Website. The odds of winning any Prize depends on the number of eligible Submissions received during the Competition Period and the skill of the Participants. \nb. All Prizes are subject to Competition Sponsor's review and verification of the Participant’s eligibility and compliance with these Rules, and the compliance of the winning Submissions with the Submissions Requirements. In the event that the Submission demonstrates non-compliance with these Competition Rules, Competition Sponsor may at its discretion take either of the following actions: (i) disqualify the Submission(s); or (ii) require the potential winner to remediate within one week after notice all issues identified in the Submission(s) (including, without limitation, the resolution of license conflicts, the fulfillment of all obligations required by software licenses, and the removal of any software that violates the software restrictions).\nc. A potential winner may decline to be nominated as a Competition winner in accordance with Section 3.8.\nd. Potential winners must return all required Prize acceptance documents within two (2) weeks following notification of such required documents, or such potential winner will be deemed to have forfeited the prize and another potential winner will be selected. Prize(s) will be awarded within approximately thirty (30) days after receipt by Competition Sponsor or Kaggle of the required Prize acceptance documents. Transfer or assignment of a Prize is not allowed. \ne. You are not eligible to receive any Prize if you do not meet the Eligibility requirements in Section 2.7 and Section 3.1 above.\nf. If a Team wins a monetary Prize, the Prize money will be allocated in even shares between the eligible Team members, unless the Team unanimously opts for a different Prize split and notifies Kaggle before Prizes are issued.\n\n####10. TAXES\na. ALL TAXES IMPOSED ON PRIZES ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE WINNERS. Payments to potential winners are subject to the express requirement that they submit all documentation requested by Competition Sponsor or Kaggle for compliance with applicable state, federal, local and foreign (including provincial) tax reporting and withholding requirements. Prizes will be net of any taxes that Competition Sponsor is required by law to withhold. If a potential winner fails to provide any required documentation or comply with applicable laws, the Prize may be forfeited and Competition Sponsor may select an alternative potential winner. Any winners who are U.S. residents will receive an IRS Form-1099 in the amount of their Prize.\n\n####11. GENERAL CONDITIONS\na. All federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations apply.\n\n####12. PUBLICITY\na. You agree that Competition Sponsor, Kaggle and its affiliates may use your name and likeness for advertising and promotional purposes without additional compensation, unless prohibited by law.\n\n####13. PRIVACY\na. You acknowledge and agree that Competition Sponsor and Kaggle may collect, store, share and otherwise use personally identifiable information provided by you during the Kaggle account registration process and the Competition, including but not limited to, name, mailing address, phone number, and email address (“Personal Information”). Kaggle acts as an independent controller with regard to its collection, storage, sharing, and other use of this Personal Information, and will use this Personal Information in accordance with its Privacy Policy <[www.kaggle.com/privacy][6]>, including for administering the Competition. As a Kaggle.com account holder, you have the right to request access to, review, rectification, portability or deletion of any personal data held by Kaggle about you by logging into your account and/or contacting Kaggle Support at <[www.kaggle.com/contact][7]>.\nb. As part of Competition Sponsor performing this contract between you and the Competition Sponsor, Kaggle will transfer your Personal Information to Competition Sponsor, which acts as an independent controller with regard to this Personal Information. As a controller of such Personal Information, Competition Sponsor agrees to comply with all U.S. and foreign data protection obligations with regard to your Personal Information. Kaggle will transfer your Personal Information to Competition Sponsor in the country specified in the Competition Sponsor Address listed above, which may be a country outside the country of your residence. Such country may not have privacy laws and regulations similar to those of the country of your residence.\n\n####14. WARRANTY, INDEMNITY AND RELEASE \na. You warrant that your Submission is your own original work and, as such, you are the sole and exclusive owner and rights holder of the Submission, and you have the right to make the Submission and grant all required licenses. You agree not to make any Submission that: (i) infringes any third party proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, industrial property rights, personal or moral rights or any other rights, including without limitation, copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret, privacy, publicity or confidentiality obligations, or defames any person; or (ii) otherwise violates any applicable U.S. or foreign state or federal law.\nb. To the maximum extent permitted by law, you indemnify and agree to keep indemnified Competition Entities at all times from and against any liability, claims, demands, losses, damages, costs and expenses resulting from any of your acts, defaults or omissions and/or a breach of any warranty set forth herein. To the maximum extent permitted by law, you agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Competition Entities from and against any and all claims, actions, suits or proceedings, as well as any and all losses, liabilities, damages, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) arising out of or accruing from: (a) your Submission or other material uploaded or otherwise provided by you that infringes any third party proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, industrial property rights, personal or moral rights or any other rights, including without limitation, copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret, privacy, publicity or confidentiality obligations, or defames any person; (b) any misrepresentation made by you in connection with the Competition; (c) any non-compliance by you with these Rules or any applicable U.S. or foreign state or federal law; (d) claims brought by persons or entities other than the parties to these Rules arising from or related to your involvement with the Competition; and (e) your acceptance, possession, misuse or use of any Prize, or your participation in the Competition and any Competition-related activity.\nc. You hereby release Competition Entities from any liability associated with: (a) any malfunction or other problem with the Competition Website; (b) any error in the collection, processing, or retention of any Submission; or (c) any typographical or other error in the printing, offering or announcement of any Prize or winners.\n\n####15. INTERNET\na. Competition Entities are not responsible for any malfunction of the Competition Website or any late, lost, damaged, misdirected, incomplete, illegible, undeliverable, or destroyed Submissions or entry materials due to system errors, failed, incomplete or garbled computer or other telecommunication transmission malfunctions, hardware or software failures of any kind, lost or unavailable network connections, typographical or system/human errors and failures, technical malfunction(s) of any telephone network or lines, cable connections, satellite transmissions, servers or providers, or computer equipment, traffic congestion on the Internet or at the Competition Website, or any combination thereof, which may limit a Participant’s ability to participate.\n\n####16. RIGHT TO CANCEL, MODIFY OR DISQUALIFY\na. If for any reason the Competition is not capable of running as planned, including infection by computer virus, bugs, tampering, unauthorized intervention, fraud, technical failures, or any other causes which corrupt or affect the administration, security, fairness, integrity, or proper conduct of the Competition, Competition Sponsor reserves the right to cancel, terminate, modify or suspend the Competition. Competition Sponsor further reserves the right to disqualify any Participant who tampers with the submission process or any other part of the Competition or Competition Website. Any attempt by a Participant to deliberately damage any website, including the Competition Website, or undermine the legitimate operation of the Competition is a violation of criminal and civil laws. Should such an attempt be made, Competition Sponsor and Kaggle each reserves the right to seek damages from any such Participant to the fullest extent of the applicable law.\n\n####17. NOT AN OFFER OR CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT\na. Under no circumstances will the entry of a Submission, the awarding of a Prize, or anything in these Rules be construed as an offer or contract of employment with Competition Sponsor or any of the Competition Entities. You acknowledge that you have submitted your Submission voluntarily and not in confidence or in trust. You acknowledge that no confidential, fiduciary, agency, employment or other similar relationship is created between you and Competition Sponsor or any of the Competition Entities by your acceptance of these Rules or your entry of your Submission.\n\n####18. DEFINITIONS\na. \"Competition Data\" are the data or datasets available from the Competition Website for the purpose of use in the Competition, including any prototype or executable code provided on the Competition Website. The Competition Data will contain private and public test sets. Which data belongs to which set will not be made available to Participants. \nb. An “Entry” is when a Participant has joined, signed up, or accepted the rules of a competition. Entry is required to make a Submission to a competition.\nc. A “Final Submission” is the Submission selected by the user, or automatically selected by Kaggle in the event not selected by the user, that is/are used for final placement on the competition leaderboard.\nd. A “Participant” or “Participant User” is an individual who participates in a competition by entering the competition and making a Submission.\ne. The “Private Leaderboard” is a ranked display of Participants’ Submission scores against the private test set. The Private Leaderboard determines the final standing in the competition.\nf. The “Public Leaderboard” is a ranked display of Participants’ Submission scores against a representative sample of the test data. This leaderboard is visible throughout the competition.\ng. A “Sponsor” is responsible for hosting the competition, which includes but is not limited to providing the data for the competition, determining winners, and enforcing competition rules.\nh. A “Submission” is anything provided by the Participant to the Sponsor to be evaluated for competition purposes and determine leaderboard position. A Submission may be made as a model, notebook, prediction file, or other format as determined by the Sponsor.\ni. A “Team” is one or more Participants participating together in a Kaggle competition, by officially merging together as a Team within the competition platform.\n\n [1]: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Pages/Programs.aspx\n [2]: http://www.kaggle.com/terms\n [3]: http://www.opensource.org\n [4]: http://www.opensource.org\n [5]: https://www.kaggle.com/WinningModelDocumentationGuidelines\n [6]: http://www.kaggle.com/privacy\n [7]: http://www.kaggle.com/contact\n", "isPublished": false, "hasIsPublished": false, "postTitle": "", "hasPostTitle": false, "mimeType": "", "hasMimeType": false }, { "name": "Submission File", "content": "提交的结果文件按照以下格式，大于50k为1，小于50k为0\n```\nid,income\n1,0\n2,0\n3,1\n4,1\netc\n```", "isPublished": false, "hasIsPublished": false, "postTitle": "", "hasPostTitle": false, "mimeType": "", "hasMimeType": false } ] }