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  "fetched_at": "2026-10-19T20:26:36Z",
  "source_url": "https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/fall2020-mgmt571lec-project/data",
  "pages": [
    {
      "name": "rules",
      "content": "- ONLY use your Team Name to submit solutions. \n- Maximal daily submission is 10. \n- The number of submission eligible for the final private leaderboard is 2.\n- Only use SAS EM in your analysis.\n- ONLY use the provided training data to train your model. \n- Have fun!",
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      "content": "<h2>File descriptions</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>bankruptcy_Train.csv</strong> - the training set with 64 predictors and 1 target variable</li>\n<li><strong>bankruptcy_Test_X.csv</strong> - the test set with ID and 64 predictors</li>\n<li><strong>bankruptcy_sample_submission.csv</strong> - the sample submission with ID and the predicted probability of firm bankruptcy</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Data fields</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>attr1</strong> -\tnet profit / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr2</strong> -\ttotal liabilities / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr3</strong> -\tworking capital / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr4</strong> -\tcurrent assets / short-term liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr5</strong> -\t[(cash + short-term securities + receivables - short-term liabilities) / (operating expenses - depreciation)] * 365 </li>\n<li><strong>attr6</strong> -\tretained earnings / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr7</strong> -\tEBIT / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr8</strong> -\tbook value of equity / total liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr9</strong> -\tsales / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr10</strong> -\tequity / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr11</strong> -\t(gross profit + extraordinary items + financial expenses) / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr12</strong> -\tgross profit / short-term liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr13</strong> -\t(gross profit + depreciation) / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr14</strong> -\t(gross profit + interest) / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr15</strong> -\t(total liabilities * 365) / (gross profit + depreciation) </li>\n<li><strong>attr16</strong> -\t(gross profit + depreciation) / total liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr17</strong> -\ttotal assets / total liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr18</strong> -\tgross profit / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr19</strong> -\tgross profit / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr20</strong> -\t(inventory * 365) / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr21</strong> -\tsales (n) / sales (n-1) </li>\n<li><strong>attr22</strong> -\tprofit on operating activities / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr23</strong> -\tnet profit / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr24</strong> -\tgross profit (in 3 years) / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr25</strong> -\t(equity - share capital) / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr26</strong> -\t(net profit + depreciation) / total liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr27</strong> -\tprofit on operating activities / financial expenses </li>\n<li><strong>attr28</strong> -\tworking capital / fixed assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr29</strong> -\tlogarithm of total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr30</strong> -\t(total liabilities - cash) / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr31</strong> -\t(gross profit + interest) / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr32</strong> -\t(current liabilities * 365) / cost of products sold </li>\n<li><strong>attr33</strong> -\toperating expenses / short-term liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr34</strong> -\toperating expenses / total liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr35</strong> -\tprofit on sales / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr36</strong> -\ttotal sales / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr37</strong> -\t(current assets - inventories) / long-term liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr38</strong> -\tconstant capital / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr39</strong> -\tprofit on sales / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr40</strong> -\t(current assets - inventory - receivables) / short-term liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr41</strong> -\ttotal liabilities / ((profit on operating activities + depreciation) * (12/365)) </li>\n<li><strong>attr42</strong> -\tprofit on operating activities / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr43</strong> -\trotation receivables + inventory turnover in days </li>\n<li><strong>attr44</strong> -\t(receivables * 365) / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr45</strong> -\tnet profit / inventory </li>\n<li><strong>attr46</strong> -\t(current assets - inventory) / short-term liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr47</strong> -\t(inventory * 365) / cost of products sold </li>\n<li><strong>attr48</strong> -\tEBITDA (profit on operating activities - depreciation) / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr49</strong> -\tEBITDA (profit on operating activities - depreciation) / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr50</strong> -\tcurrent assets / total liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr51</strong> -\tshort-term liabilities / total assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr52</strong> -\t(short-term liabilities * 365) / cost of products sold) </li>\n<li><strong>attr53</strong> -\tequity / fixed assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr54</strong> -\tconstant capital / fixed assets </li>\n<li><strong>attr55</strong> -\tworking capital </li>\n<li><strong>attr56</strong> -\t(sales - cost of products sold) / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr57</strong> -\t(current assets - inventory - short-term liabilities) / (sales - gross profit - depreciation) </li>\n<li><strong>attr58</strong> -\ttotal costs /total sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr59</strong> -\tlong-term liabilities / equity </li>\n<li><strong>attr60</strong> -\tsales / inventory </li>\n<li><strong>attr61</strong> -\tsales / receivables </li>\n<li><strong>attr62</strong> -\t(short-term liabilities *365) / sales </li>\n<li><strong>attr63</strong> -\tsales / short-term liabilities </li>\n<li><strong>attr64</strong> -\tsales / fixed assets</li>\n<li><strong>class</strong> -\tthe response variable Y: 0 = did not bankrupt; 1 = bankrupt </li>\n\n</ul>\n",
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      "name": "Description",
      "content": "Firm collapse prediction has been a subject of interests for almost a century and it still ranks high among hottest topics in economics. The aim of predicting financial distress is to develop a predictive model that combines various econometric measures and allows to foresee a financial condition of a firm. The purpose of the bankruptcy prediction is to assess the financial condition of a company and its future perspectives within the context of longterm operation on the market.\n\nThis is an in-class competition for MGMT 571 at Purdue University. Please try other available data competition if you are not a student in this course. Thank you!",
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      "name": "Evaluation",
      "content": "<p>The evaluation metric for this competition is <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating_characteristic\"> AUC, i.e., area under the receiver operator curve.</a></p>\n\n<h2>Submission Format</h2>\n<p><strong>Submission files should contain the predicted probability of bankruptcy for each test sample.</p>\n<p>The file should contain a header and have the following format:</p>\n<pre>ID, class<br />1, 0.01<br /><span style=\"font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4em;\">2, 0.20<br />3, 0.99<br /></span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4em;\">4, 0.40<br /></span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4em;\">etc.</span></pre>",
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