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"content": "The data for this competition comes from pottery sherds excavated from the Daxinzhuang Pit H690 archaeological site. This data is of exceptionally high scientific value and is unique.\nWe provide photographs of pottery sherds excavated from Daxinzhuang Pit H690. Generally, there is one image for the front (exterior) and one for the back (interior) of each sherd. All photographs were taken with the same camera settings and lighting conditions to accurately represent and preserve the true appearance of the pottery sherds as much as possible. All pottery sherds (sherd_id) and photographs (image_id) have a unique corresponding number. The numbering for pottery sherds and photographs can be found in the provided **jd_sherds_info.csv** table. \n\nThe photos have a resolution of 1024x1024 pixels and are in high-quality JPEG format. Each photo includes a standard scale bar for size reference. Some sherds may show severe weathering, wear, or color distortion; it is also common that not all fragments of original artifacts can be found.\n\n**Original Pottery Image Dataset**: \nsherd_images/ (Pottery Image Directory): \n\nEach pottery sherd provides two high-definition 1024x1024 pixel images: one for the exterior and one for the interior surface.\n\nImages are named as JDxxxxx_exterior or JDxxxxx_interior. JDxxxxx is the corresponding sherd ID, _exterior indicates the outer surface of the sherd, and _interior indicates the inner surface of the sherd.\n\nParticipants should note that due to millennia of burial, some pottery sherds may exhibit significant weathering, wear, surface deposits, or color distortion. Furthermore, it is a common archaeological reality that not all fragments of original artifacts can be found. Robust models should be able to handle these real-world imperfections.\n\n**Metadata**: \n\n**jd_sherds_info.csv** contains the basic information for excavated pottery sherds and images. It includes the following fields: \n(1) image_id: sherd image ID, e.g., JDxxxxx_exterior or JDxxxxx_interior.\n(2) sherd_id: Unique ID for the pottery sherd, e.g., JDxxxxx, where JD stands for Jinan Daxinzhuang, and xxxxx is the sequential number of the sherd.\n(3) unit: Excavation stratum or context of the sherd. L01-L14 indicates a stratigraphic layer; M indicates from H690 but specific layer is unknown; Z indicates a sherd from a large-mouthed zun (vessel), stratigraphic layer unknown.\n(4) part: The part of the pottery vessel represented by the sherd.\n(5) type: The type of pottery vessel (or possible type) to which the sherd belongs.\n(6) image_side: The outer or inner surface of the pottery; exterior represents the outer surface, interior represents the inner surface.\n\n**reference_shapes**/ (Reference Pottery Vessel Directory): \n\tIt contains reference materials for complete pottery vessels excavated from the site or related to the period, including photos of complete vessels and line drawings. These are for understanding pottery vessel morphology and aiding model design.\n\n**sample_submission.csv** (Submission Sample File): \n\tA CSV file containing the sequential number of the reconstructible group, the exterior and interior IDs of each reconstructible pottery sherd within the group, and an example photo of the assembled result.\n\n\n本次竞赛的数据来自大辛庄灰坑H690考古发掘出土的陶片，数据具有极高的科研价值且具有唯一性 。\n\t我们提供大辛庄灰坑H690出土陶片的照片 。一般是陶片的正面、背面各一张 。所有照片均按照相同的相机设置和光照条件拍摄，尽可能还原和保留陶片的真实样貌 。所有陶片(sherd_id)和照片(image_id)都有一个唯一的编号，并相互对应 。陶片和照片的编号可以在提供的jd_sherds_info.csv表格中找到 。照片分辨率为1024x1024像素，格式为高质量JPEG格式 。每张照片均包含标准比例尺，用于尺寸参考 。部分陶片可能存在严重风化、磨损或颜色失真；并非所有原始器物都能找到所有碎片 。\n\n**陶片原始图像数据**：\nsherd_images/ (陶片图像目录):\n\n图像编号JDxxxxx_exterior或JDxxxxx_interior ，JDxxxxx是对应的陶片编号，_exterior指示陶片的外侧（正面）照片，_interior指示陶片的内侧（背面）照片 。\n参赛者应注意，由于数千年的埋藏，一些陶片可能表现出明显的风化、磨损、表面沉积物或颜色失真 。此外，考古学中常见的情况是并非原始器物的所有碎片都能被找到 。稳健的模型应能处理这些现实世界中的不完美之处 。\n\n**元数据**:\n\n**jd_sherds_info.csv**是出土陶片和影像的基本数据 。包含以下字段：\n(1) image_id: 陶片影像编号，例如JDxxxxx_exterior或JDxxxxx_interior 。\n(2) sherd_id: 陶片的唯一编号，例如JDxxxxx，其中JD代表Jinan Daxinzhuang，xxxxx是陶片的序列号 。\n(3) unit: 陶片出土层位或场景 。L01-L14代表有明确出土层位；M代表出自H690但具体层位不明；Z代表是大口尊的陶片，层位不明 。\n(4) part: 陶片代表的陶器部位 。\n(5) type: 陶片归属的（或可能的）陶器器型 。\n(6) image_side: 陶器的正反面，exterior代表正面，interior代表背面 。\n\n**reference_shapes**/ (参考器形目录):\n\n包含从遗址出土或与该时期相关的完整陶器器形参考资料，包括完整器物照片和线图 。它们用于理解器物形态，辅助模型设计 。\n\n**sample_submission.csv** (提交样例文件):\nCSV文件，包含可拼合组流水号，每组可拼合陶片的正面、反面编号，以及拼合后的照片示例。\n\n",
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"name": "Notice on the Results of the Great Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle Challenge",
"content": "The Kaggle competition “Great Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle Challenge” has now officially concluded. The core mission of this challenge was to develop powerful and innovative AI models capable of addressing two key problems: (1) Fracture Edge Matching and Assembly, by extracting and matching fracture-edge features to infer sherd adjacency; (2) Vessel 3D Reconstruction, aiming to restore assembled sherds as closely as possible to their original vessel forms.\n\nA total of 94 submissions were received. We sincerely thank all participating teams for their enthusiasm and commitment. After the competition, the organizing committee, together with archaeological specialists, conducted a detailed manual review of all submitted pairing results. Overall, the assembled results fell far short of the technical goals and archaeological reconstruction standards originally set for the challenge. After careful deliberation, the committee decided that no First Prize or Second Prize would be awarded in this round. To recognize exploratory efforts that achieved meaningful partial progress on this highly challenging task, the committee decided to award a Third Prize to the team that successfully assembled 78 pottery sherd groups, demonstrating the best overall performance. \n\nWe once again thank all participating teams. Your work has greatly deepened our understanding of the true complexity of automated pottery reconstruction at the intersection of archaeology and artificial intelligence and has provided valuable insights for future research and competition design. \n\nThe next round of the competition is currently being planned. We warmly invite everyone to stay tuned and participate in future rounds of the challenge as we continue advancing the application of artificial intelligence in archaeology and cultural heritage research. \n \nOrganizing Committee",
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"name": "关于“大辛庄陶片拼合AI挑战赛”竞赛结果及后续安排的通知",
"content": "由我们发起并主办的 Kaggle 竞赛“大辛庄陶片拼合AI挑战赛：利用人工智能的力量，拼接商代历史（Great Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle Challenge）”\n现已正式结束。本次挑战的核心使命是开发强大且创新的人工智能模型，解决以下关键问题：（1）断茬匹配拼合：通过断茬边缘特征提取与几何匹配，计算断茬之间的拟合度，自动推断陶片邻接关系；（2）器形三维重建：在拼合基础上，尽可能复原陶器的原始三维器形。\n\n本次竞赛共收到 94 份拼对呈交。我们谨向所有参赛团队表示诚挚感谢，感谢大家的积极参与与投入。比赛结束后，竞赛组织方联合考古专业人员，对所有参赛团队提交的拼对结果进行了逐一、严格的人工核对。总体而言，各参赛团队的拼合结果远远没有达到竞赛最初设定的技术目标和考古复原要求。经竞赛组织委员会认真讨论决定，本轮竞赛中一等奖与二等奖遗憾空缺。为鼓励在高难度任务中取得阶段性成果的探索性尝试，组委会决定对成功拼接 78 组陶片、综合表现最优的团队授予三等奖，以示鼓励。 \n\n我们再次向所有参赛团队表示衷心感谢。正是大家的努力，使我们更加清楚地认识到陶片自动拼合与器形复原这一考古—人工智能交叉问题的真实复杂性，也为后续研究与竞赛设计积累了宝贵经验。 \n\n下一轮竞赛目前正在规划中。欢迎大家持续关注并参与后续竞赛。让我们共同推动人工智能在考古学与文化遗产研究中的深入应用。 \n\n竞赛组织委员会",
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"name": "rules",
"content": "##ENTRY IN THIS COMPETITION CONSTITUTES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE OFFICIAL COMPETITION RULES.\n\n**[See Section 3.18 for defined terms](rules#18.-terms)**\n\n*The Competition named below is a skills-based competition to promote and further the field of data science. You must register via the Competition Website to enter. To enter the Competition, you must agree to these Official Competition Rules, which incorporate by reference the provisions and content of the Competition Website and any Specific Competition Rules herein (collectively, the \"Rules\"). Please read these Rules carefully before entry to ensure you understand and agree. You further agree that Submission in the Competition constitutes agreement to these Rules. You may not submit to the Competition and are not eligible to receive the prizes associated with this Competition unless you agree to these Rules. These Rules form a binding legal agreement between you and the Competition Sponsor with respect to the Competition. Your competition Submissions must conform to the requirements stated on the Competition Website. Your Submissions will be scored based on the evaluation metric described on the Competition Website. Subject to compliance with the Competition Rules, Prizes, if any, will be awarded to Participants with the best scores, based on the merits of the data science models submitted. See below for the complete Competition Rules.*\n\n**You cannot sign up to Kaggle from multiple accounts and therefore you cannot enter or submit from multiple accounts.**\n\n1. External Data: The use of publicly available pre-trained models (e.g., models trained on ImageNet) is allowed. The use of other unpublished archaeological pottery datasets is prohibited. If any external data is used, it must be clearly declared in the code comments or on the forum.\n\tCode Requirements: This is a code competition, and you must submit via Kaggle Notebook. Model training and inference outside the Notebook are prohibited.\n\tTeam Mergers: Teams can merge. The merger deadline is typically one week before the final submission deadline; please pay attention to official competition announcements.\n\tTeam Limits: A maximum of 5 members per team is allowed.\n\tSubmission Limits: Each team can submit a maximum of 5 times per day.\n\tEligibility for Prizes: Winning teams are required to organize their solutions into documentation and ensure that the code is reproducible for verification by the organizers.\n\tIntellectual Property: Participants retain the intellectual property rights to their submitted work. Winners must grant organizers a non-exclusive license, allowing the organizers to use their solutions for research, education, and promotional purposes. The Daxinzhuang archaeological site pottery data provided for this competition is strictly limited to competition use and is forbidden for other purposes.\n\tCompetition Interpretation: The organizers reserve the final right to interpret the competition rules.\n
\n1. COMPETITION TITLE
Great Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle Challenge\n2. COMPETITION SPONSOR
The Institute for Advanced Study at Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University and the School of Archaeology (Institute of Cultural Heritage) at Shandong University \n3. COMPETITION SPONSOR ADDRESS
2044 Huitong North Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China\n4. COMPETITION WEBSITE
https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/h690\n5. TOTAL PRIZES AVAILABLE: $[INSERT IF APPLICABLE]
\nFirst Prize: $10000\nSecond Prize: $5000\nThird Prize: $2000\n[INSERT NON-MONETARY PRIZES AS APPLICABLE]\n6. WINNER LICENSE TYPE
[INSERT]\n7. DATA ACCESS AND USE
[INSERT]\n\n\n###2. COMPETITION-SPECIFIC RULES \nIn addition to the provisions of the General Competition Rules below, you understand and agree to these Competition-Specific Rules required by the Competition Sponsor:\n\n####1. TEAM LIMITS\na. The maximum Team size is five (5).\nb. Team mergers are allowed and can be performed by the Team leader. In order to merge, the combined Team must have a total Submission count less than or equal to the maximum allowed as of the Team Merger Deadline. The maximum allowed is the number of Submissions per day multiplied by the number of days the competition has been running.\n\n####2. SUBMISSION LIMITS\na. You may submit a maximum of five (5) Submissions per day.\nb. You may select up to two (2) Final Submissions for judging.\n\n####3. COMPETITION TIMELINE\na. Competition Timeline dates (including Entry Deadline, Final Submission Deadline, Start Date, and Team Merger Deadline, as applicable) are reflected on the competition’s Overview > Timeline page.\n\n####4. COMPETITION DATA\n\na. Data Access and Use. [CHOOSE ONE OF THE 3 OPTIONS BELOW BASED ON WHAT THE SPONSOR CHOOSES IN THE SOW.]\n\n1. [*Competition Use only is checked*: You may access and use the Competition Data only for participating in the Competition and on Kaggle.com forums. The Competition Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify any Participant who uses the Competition Data other than as permitted by the Competition Website and these Rules.]\n\n2. [*Competition Use and Non-Commercial & Academic Research is checked*: You may access and use the Competition Data for non-commercial purposes only, including for participating in the Competition and on Kaggle.com forums, and for academic research and education. The Competition Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify any Participant who uses the Competition Data other than as permitted by the Competition Website and these Rules.]\n\n3. [*Competition Use and Commercial are checked*: You may access and use the Competition Data for any purpose, whether commercial or non-commercial, including for participating in the Competition and on Kaggle.com forums, and for academic research and education. The Competition Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify any Participant who uses the Competition Data other than as permitted by the Competition Website and these Rules.]\n\n4. [*ADD IN THE FOLLOWING, IN ADDITION TO THE CHOSEN SECTION ABOVE, IF SPECIFIC LICENSE IS CHECKED*: The Competition Data is also subject to the following terms and conditions: [INSERT URL]. \n\nb. Data Security. \n\n1. You agree to use reasonable and suitable measures to prevent persons who have not formally agreed to these Rules from gaining access to the Competition Data. You agree not to transmit, duplicate, publish, redistribute or otherwise provide or make available the Competition Data to any party not participating in the Competition. You agree to notify Kaggle immediately upon learning of any possible unauthorized transmission of or unauthorized access to the Competition Data and agree to work with Kaggle to rectify any unauthorized transmission or access.\n\n####5. WINNER LICENSE [INSERT ONLY THE RELEVANT LICENSE LANGUAGE FOR THE COMPETITION.]\n\na. Under Section 2.8 (Winners Obligations) of the General Rules below, you hereby grant and will grant the Competition Sponsor the following license(s) with respect to your Submission if you are a Competition winner:\n\n1. [*Non-Exclusive*: You hereby grant and will grant to Competition Sponsor and its designees a worldwide, non-exclusive, sub-licensable, transferable, fully paid-up, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable right to use, reproduce, distribute, create derivative works of, publicly perform, publicly display, digitally perform, make, have made, sell, offer for sale and import your winning Submission and the source code used to generate the Submission, in any media now known or developed in the future, for any purpose whatsoever, commercial or otherwise, without further approval by or payment to you.]\n \n2. [*Open Source: You hereby license and will license your winning Submission and the source code used to generate the Submission under an Open Source Initiative-approved license (see [www.opensource.org] (http://www.opensource.org)) that in no event limits commercial use of such code or model containing or depending on such code. \n\n3. For generally commercially available software that you used to generate your Submission that is not owned by you, but that can be procured by the Competition Sponsor without undue expense, you do not need to grant the license in the preceding Section for that software. \n\n4. In the event that input data or pretrained models with an incompatible license are used to generate your winning solution, you do not need to grant an open source license in the preceding Section for that data and/or model(s). \n\nb. You may be required by the Sponsor to provide a detailed description of how the winning Submission was generated, to the Competition Sponsor’s specifications, as outlined in Section 2.8, Winner’s Obligations. This may include a detailed description of methodology, where one must be able to reproduce the approach by reading the description, and includes a detailed explanation of the architecture, preprocessing, loss function, training details, hyper-parameters, etc. The description should also include a link to a code repository with complete and detailed instructions so that the results obtained can be reproduced.\n \n####6. EXTERNAL DATA AND TOOLS\n\na. You may use data other than the Competition Data (“External Data”) to develop and test your Submissions. However, you will ensure the External Data is either publicly available and equally accessible to use by all Participants of the Competition for purposes of the competition at no cost to the other Participants, or satisfies the Reasonableness criteria as outlined in Section 2.6.b below. The ability to use External Data under this Section does not limit your other obligations under these Competition Rules, including but not limited to Section 2.8 (Winners Obligations). \n\nb. The use of external data and models is acceptable unless specifically prohibited by the Host. Because of the potential costs or restrictions (e.g., “geo restrictions”) associated with obtaining rights to use external data or certain software and associated tools, their use must be “reasonably accessible to all” and of “minimal cost”. Also, regardless of the cost challenges as they might affect all Participants during the course of the competition, the costs of potentially procuring a license for software used to generate a Submission, must also be considered. The Host will employ an assessment of whether or not the following criteria can exclude the use of the particular LLM, data set(s), or tool(s):\n\n1. Are Participants being excluded from a competition because of the \"excessive\" costs for access to certain LLMs, external data, or tools that might be used by other Participants. The Host will assess the excessive cost concern by applying a “Reasonableness” standard (the “Reasonableness Standard”). The Reasonableness Standard will be determined and applied by the Host in light of things like cost thresholds and accessibility.\n\n2. By way of example only, a small subscription charge to use additional elements of a large language model such as Gemini Advanced are acceptable if meeting the Reasonableness Standard of Sec. 8.2. Purchasing a license to use a proprietary dataset that exceeds the cost of a prize in the competition would not be considered reasonable.\n\nc. Automated Machine Learning Tools (“AMLT”)\n\n1. Individual Participants and Teams may use automated machine learning tool(s) (“AMLT”) (e.g., Google toML, H2O Driverless AI, etc.) to create a Submission, provided that the Participant or Team ensures that they have an appropriate license to the AMLT such that they are able to comply with the Competition Rules. \n\n####7. ELIGIBILITY\n\na. Unless otherwise stated in the Competition-Specific Rules above or prohibited by internal policies of the Competition Entities, employees, interns, contractors, officers and directors of Competition Entities may enter and participate in the Competition, but are not eligible to win any Prizes. \"Competition Entities\" means the Competition Sponsor, Kaggle Inc., and their respective parent companies, subsidiaries and affiliates. If you are such a Participant from a Competition Entity, you are subject to all applicable internal policies of your employer with respect to your participation.\n\n####8. WINNER’S OBLIGATIONS\n\na. As a condition to being awarded a Prize, a Prize winner must fulfill the following obligations:\n\n1. Deliver to the Competition Sponsor the final model's software code as used to generate the winning Submission and associated documentation. The delivered software code should follow [these documentation guidelines][5], must be capable of generating the winning Submission, and contain a description of resources required to build and/or run the executable code successfully. For avoidance of doubt, delivered software code should include training code, inference code, and a description of the required computational environment. \n\na. To the extent that the final model’s software code includes generally commercially available software that is not owned by you, but that can be procured by the Competition Sponsor without undue expense, then instead of delivering the code for that software to the Competition Sponsor, you must identify that software, method for procuring it, and any parameters or other information necessary to replicate the winning Submission; Individual Participants and Teams who create a Submission using an AMLT may win a Prize. However, for clarity, the potential winner’s Submission must still meet the requirements of these Rules, including but not limited to Section 2.5 (Winners License), Section 2.8 (Winners Obligations), and Section 3.14 (Warranty, Indemnity, and Release).” \n\nb. Individual Participants and Teams who create a Submission using an AMLT may win a Prize. However, for clarity, the potential winner’s Submission must still meet the requirements of these Rules,\n\n2. Grant to the Competition Sponsor the license to the winning Submission stated in the Competition Specific Rules above, and represent that you have the unrestricted right to grant that license;\n\n3. Sign and return all Prize acceptance documents as may be required by Competition Sponsor or Kaggle, including without limitation: (a) eligibility certifications; (b) licenses, releases and other agreements required under the Rules; and (c) U.S. tax forms (such as IRS Form W-9 if U.S. resident, IRS Form W-8BEN if foreign resident, or future equivalents).\n\n####9. GOVERNING LAW\n\na. Unless otherwise provided in the Competition Specific Rules above, all claims arising out of or relating to these Rules will be governed by California law, excluding its conflict of laws rules, and will be litigated exclusively in the Federal or State courts of Santa Clara County, California, USA. The parties consent to personal jurisdiction in those courts. If any provision of these Rules is held to be invalid or unenforceable, all remaining provisions of the Rules will remain in full force and effect.\n",
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"name": "abstract",
"content": "What if artificial intelligence could rebuild a world lost for over 3,000 years? ***The Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle AI Challenge*** invites you to help reassemble nearly 20,000 fragmented pottery sherds from Pit H690—a Shang Dynasty storage pit and refuse deposit at Daxinzhuang, one of early China's most important sites. These fragments hold vital clues to ancient power, ritual, and cultural exchange. Yet manually reconstructing them is slow, incomplete, and imprecise. This is where AI changes the game. We call on data scientists, AI innovators, archaeologists, and heritage enthusiasts to create models that can identify and match these fragments with unprecedented accuracy. This is more than a technical exercise—it is an opportunity to shape the future of computational archaeology, enrich historical understanding, and amplify voices from the distant past. Let your algorithm become an instrument of discovery. Join us in transforming fragments into knowledge—and code into cultural legacy.\n\n\n***“大辛庄陶片拼合AI挑战赛”***是一项结合人工智能与考古学的国际竞赛，旨在借助深度学习技术拼合中国东部商代遗址大辛庄出土的近20,000片陶器碎片。这些碎片来自H690号储藏坑，记录着商代与东夷文化互动的珍贵信息。传统拼合方式效率低，难以应对如此庞大的数据量。我们邀请全球AI专家、数据科学家、考古学者与文化遗产爱好者，共同开发自动识别与匹配陶片的新方法。这不仅是一次前沿科技与人文研究的深度对话，更是推动“计算考古学”发展的契机。在这里，你的每一行代码，都是对过去的注解；每一个算法，都是文明的再造。让我们用AI的力量，还原三千年前的世界。\n\n\n",
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"name": "Verification of the Results from the Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle AI Challenge",
"content": "**Background and Challenge Overview** \nTo explore the feasible pathways for public participation in archaeological research and to examine the research potential of open competition for studying pottery fragment matching, the Institute for Advanced Study of the Beijing Normal–Hong Kong Baptist University (BNBU) and the School of Archaeology (Institute of Cultural Heritage) at Shandong University jointly organized the “Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle AI Challenge”. The competition utilized pottery fragments excavated from the Daxinzhuang site, publicly releasing matching tasks and encouraging participants to propose matching solutions based on fragment images and catalog numbers.\n\nOfficially launched on July 26, 2025, the challenge closed for submissions on November 25, 2025. Using an online participation and submission format, the organizers provided participants with nearly 20,000 curated pottery fragment images and related basic information. Participants were required to complete and submit their Assembly Groups within the stipulated time. Submissions needed to clearly list combinations of pottery fragment numbers identified as matching, accompanied by necessary matching rationale or illustrative notes. Post-competition, the organizers arranged for physical verification of results that met the submission criteria and presented clear matching relationships.\n\n**Objectives** \nTo verify the scientific validity, accuracy, and reproducibility of the results submitted for the “Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle AI Challenge”, and to further identify and confirm high-quality matches, the project team organized an on-site verification of the submitted results at the Daxinzhuang Site Museum on December 27, 2025. The verification focused on all the 17 sets of submitted results.\n\nThe primary objectives of this work included: \n1. Verifying the authenticity and logical validity of the matching relationships proposed by participants; \n\n2. Assessing the physical fit of the matched fragments; \n\n3. Providing a reliable basis for subsequent research, display, or documentation. \n\n**Verification Subjects and Material Sources** \n- Verification Subjects \nThe competition received results from 17 teams. Among these, 2 submitted results met the requirements and proceeded to on-site verification. Each verification subject comprised selected pottery fragments and corresponding matching documentation (including images, catalog numbers, and matching illustrations). Other teams submitted results that consisted of fragment grouping or clustering results without explicit, verifiable one-to-one matches. Thus, they did not meet the submission criteria for on-site verification.\n\n- Physical Materials \nThe pottery fragments used for verification originated from specimens excavated at the Daxinzhuang site and are currently stored at the Daxinzhuang Site Museum.\n\nAll fragments retained their original catalog numbers and information labels to ensure traceability during the verification process.\n\n\n**Organization of the On-site Verification** \nTime and Location \nTime: December 27 – 28, 2025 \nLocation: Storage Room, the Daxinzhuang Site Museum \n\n\n\n*On-site verification in progress (Storage Room, Jinan Daxinzhuang Site Museum)*\n\nParticipants \nProject director and professional archaeological researchers.\n\nWork Groups and Division of Labor \nVerification was conducted group by group according to the result submission numbers, with conclusions reached by consensus.\n\n\n**On-site Verification Methodology and Process** \nThis on-site verification employed a combined method of “physical comparison + technical observation + comprehensive judgment”. The specific process was as follows:\n\n1.Documentation Review \nCross-referencing the submitted documentations to verify pottery fragment catalog numbers, quantities, and corresponding relationships; \nConfirming that submitted materials matched the physical specimens, with no catalog number confusion or omissions.\n\n2.Direct Physical Matching \nPhysically assembling the relevant pottery fragments under natural or stable artificial light; \nFocusing on observing whether fracture edges were continuous and fit together naturally.\n\n3.Observation of Key Technical Indicators \nSystematic comparison from the following aspects: \nFracture morphology: Compatibility of surface topography and edge alignment; \nBody fabric: Clay color, texture, and temper; \nSurface features: Decoration, surface treatment marks; \nWall Properties: Thickness and curvature consistency. \n\n4.Recording and Photography \nEach proposed match was documented in writing and photographed.\n\n**Assessment Criteria** \nBased on the on-site verification, matching results were assessed and categorized as follows:\n\n1.Confirmed Match: Continuous breaks, highly consistent technical features; definitively from the same vessel.\n\n2.Basically Confirmed Match: Some discrepancies exist between the proposed match and the physical fit, but a matching relationship is partially demonstrable.\n\n3.Match Not Confirmed: Non-continuous breaks; significant differences in fabric, surface, or firing features; from different vessels.;\n\n**On-site Verification Results** \nTeam: de******23@gmail.com \nConfirmed Matches: 78 pairs \n\n\n\n\n\nFigure 2: Confirmed matching results submitted by team de******23@gmail.com\n\nTeam: zh**an@mail.sdu.edu.cn \nConfirmed Matches: 2 pairs \n\n\nFigure 3: Confirmed matching results submitted by team zh**an@mail.sdu.edu.cn\n\n\n**Appeal** \nIf you have any questions regarding the above results, please contact us via h690@uic.edu.cn by January 31, 2026.",
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"content": "The following Kaggle Competition Foundational Rules (“ Foundational Rules ”) apply to every competition regardless of whether the Sponsor creates competition-specific rules. Any competition-specific rules provided by the Sponsor are in addition to these rules, and in the case of any conflict or inconsistency, these Foundational Rules control and nullify contrary competition-specific rules.\n###GENERAL COMPETITION RULES - BINDING AGREEMENT\n####1. ELIGIBILITY\na. To be eligible to enter the Competition, you must be:\n1. a registered account holder at Kaggle.com; \n2. the older of 18 years old or the age of majority in your jurisdiction of residence (unless otherwise agreed to by Competition Sponsor and appropriate parental/guardian consents have been obtained by Competition Sponsor); \n3. not a resident of Crimea, so-called Donetsk People's Republic (DNR) or Luhansk People's Republic (LNR), Cuba, Iran, Syria, or North Korea; and\n4. not a person or representative of an entity under U.S. export controls or sanctions (see: [https://www.treasury.gov/resourcecenter/sanctions/Programs/Pages/Programs.aspx][1]).\n\nb. Competitions are open to residents of the United States and worldwide, except that if you are a resident of Crimea, so-called Donetsk People's Republic (DNR) or Luhansk People's Republic (LNR), Cuba, Iran, Syria, North Korea, or are subject to U.S. export controls or sanctions, you may not enter the Competition. Other local rules and regulations may apply to you, so please check your local laws to ensure that you are eligible to participate in skills-based competitions. The Competition Host reserves the right to forego or award alternative Prizes where needed to comply with local laws. If a winner is located in a country where prizes cannot be awarded, then they are not eligible to receive a prize.\n\nc. If you are entering as a representative of a company, educational institution or other legal entity, or on behalf of your employer, these rules are binding on you, individually, and the entity you represent or where you are an employee. If you are acting within the scope of your employment, or as an agent of another party, you warrant that such party or your employer has full knowledge of your actions and has consented thereto, including your potential receipt of a Prize. You further warrant that your actions do not violate your employer's or entity's policies and procedures. \n\nd. The Competition Sponsor reserves the right to verify eligibility and to adjudicate on any dispute at any time. If you provide any false information relating to the Competition concerning your identity, residency, mailing address, telephone number, email address, ownership of right, or information required for entering the Competition, you may be immediately disqualified from the Competition.\n\n####2. SPONSOR AND HOSTING PLATFORM\n\na. The Competition is sponsored by Competition Sponsor named above. The Competition is hosted on behalf of Competition Sponsor by Kaggle Inc. (\"Kaggle\"). Kaggle is an independent contractor of Competition Sponsor, and is not a party to this or any agreement between you and Competition Sponsor. You understand that Kaggle has no responsibility with respect to selecting the potential Competition winner(s) or awarding any Prizes. Kaggle will perform certain administrative functions relating to hosting the Competition, and you agree to abide by the provisions relating to Kaggle under these Rules. As a Kaggle.com account holder and user of the Kaggle competition platform, remember you have accepted and are subject to the Kaggle Terms of Service at [www.kaggle.com/terms][2] in addition to these Rules.\n\n####3. COMPETITION PERIOD\na. For the purposes of Prizes, the Competition will run from the Start Date and time to the Final Submission Deadline (such duration the “Competition Period”). The Competition Timeline is subject to change, and Competition Sponsor may introduce additional hurdle deadlines during the Competition Period. Any updated or additional deadlines will be publicized on the Competition Website. It is your responsibility to check the Competition Website regularly to stay informed of any deadline changes. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINING THE CORRESPONDING TIME ZONE IN YOUR LOCATION.\n\n####4. COMPETITION ENTRY\na. NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. To enter the Competition, you must register on the Competition Website prior to the Entry Deadline, and follow the instructions for developing and entering your Submission through the Competition Website. Your Submissions must be made in the manner and format, and in compliance with all other requirements, stated on the Competition Website (the \"Requirements\"). Submissions must be received before any Submission deadlines stated on the Competition Website. Submissions not received by the stated deadlines will not be eligible to receive a Prize.\nb. Submissions may not use or incorporate information from hand labeling or human prediction of the validation dataset or test data records.\nc. If the Competition is a multi-stage competition with temporally separate training and/or test data, one or more valid Submissions may be required during each Competition stage in the manner described on the Competition Website in order for the Submissions to be Prize eligible.\nd. Submissions are void if they are in whole or part illegible, incomplete, damaged, altered, counterfeit, obtained through fraud, or late. Competition Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify any entrant who does not follow these Rules, including making a Submission that does not meet the Requirements. \n\n####5. INDIVIDUALS AND TEAMS\na. Individual Account. You may make Submissions only under one, unique Kaggle.com account. You will be disqualified if you make Submissions through more than one Kaggle account, or attempt to falsify an account to act as your proxy. You may submit up to the maximum number of Submissions per day as specified on the Competition Website. \nb. Teams. If permitted under the Competition Website guidelines, multiple individuals may collaborate as a Team; however, you may join or form only one Team. Each Team member must be a single individual with a separate Kaggle account. You must register individually for the Competition before joining a Team. You must confirm your Team membership to make it official by responding to the Team notification message sent to your Kaggle account. Team membership may not exceed the Maximum Team Size stated on the Competition Website.\nc. Team Merger. Teams may request to merge via the Competition Website. Team mergers may be allowed provided that: (i) the combined Team does not exceed the Maximum Team Size; (ii) the number of Submissions made by the merging Teams does not exceed the number of Submissions permissible for one Team at the date of the merger request; (iii) the merger is completed before the earlier of: any merger deadline or the Competition deadline; and (iv) the proposed combined Team otherwise meets all the requirements of these Rules. \nd. Private Sharing. No private sharing outside of Teams. Privately sharing code or data outside of Teams is not permitted. It's okay to share code if made available to all Participants on the forums.\n\n####6. SUBMISSION CODE REQUIREMENTS\na. Private Code Sharing. Unless otherwise specifically permitted under the Competition Website or Competition Specific Rules above, during the Competition Period, you are not allowed to privately share source or executable code developed in connection with or based upon the Competition Data or other source or executable code relevant to the Competition (“Competition Code”). This prohibition includes sharing Competition Code between separate Teams, unless a Team merger occurs. Any such sharing of Competition Code is a breach of these Competition Rules and may result in disqualification.\nb. Public Code Sharing. You are permitted to publicly share Competition Code, provided that such public sharing does not violate the intellectual property rights of any third party. If you do choose to share Competition Code or other such code, you are required to share it on Kaggle.com on the discussion forum or notebooks associated specifically with the Competition for the benefit of all competitors. By so sharing, you are deemed to have licensed the shared code under an Open Source Initiative-approved license (see [www.opensource.org][3]) that in no event limits commercial use of such Competition Code or model containing or depending on such Competition Code.\nc. Use of Open Source. Unless otherwise stated in the Specific Competition Rules above, if open source code is used in the model to generate the Submission, then you must only use open source code licensed under an Open Source Initiative-approved license (see [www.opensource.org][4]) that in no event limits commercial use of such code or model containing or depending on such code.\n\n####7. DETERMINING WINNERS\na. Each Submission will be scored and ranked by the evaluation metric stated on the Competition Website. During the Competition Period, the current ranking will be visible on the Competition Website's Public Leaderboard. The potential winner(s) are determined solely by the leaderboard ranking on the Private Leaderboard, subject to compliance with these Rules. The Public Leaderboard will be based on the public test set and the Private Leaderboard will be based on the private test set.\nb. In the event of a tie, the Submission that was entered first to the Competition will be the winner. In the event a potential winner is disqualified for any reason, the Submission that received the next highest score rank will be chosen as the potential winner.\n\n####8. NOTIFICATION OF WINNERS & DISQUALIFICATION\na. The potential winner(s) will be notified by email. \nb. If a potential winner (i) does not respond to the notification attempt within one (1) week from the first notification attempt or (ii) notifies Kaggle within one week after the Final Submission Deadline that the potential winner does not want to be nominated as a winner or does not want to receive a Prize, then, in each case (i) and (ii) such potential winner will not receive any Prize, and an alternate potential winner will be selected from among all eligible entries received based on the Competition’s judging criteria.\nc. In case (i) and (ii) above Kaggle may disqualify the Participant. However, in case (ii) above, if requested by Kaggle, such potential winner may provide code and documentation to verify the Participant’s compliance with these Rules. If the potential winner provides code and documentation to the satisfaction of Kaggle, the Participant will not be disqualified pursuant to this paragraph.\nd. Competition Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify any Participant from the Competition if the Competition Sponsor reasonably believes that the Participant has attempted to undermine the legitimate operation of the Competition by cheating, deception, or other unfair playing practices or abuses, threatens or harasses any other Participants, Competition Sponsor or Kaggle.\ne. A disqualified Participant may be removed from the Competition leaderboard, at Kaggle's sole discretion. If a Participant is removed from the Competition Leaderboard, additional winning features associated with the Kaggle competition platform, for example Kaggle points or medals, may also not be awarded.\nf. The final leaderboard list will be publicly displayed at Kaggle.com. Determinations of Competition Sponsor are final and binding.\n\n####9. PRIZES\na. Prize(s) are as described on the Competition Website and are only available for winning during the time period described on the Competition Website. The odds of winning any Prize depends on the number of eligible Submissions received during the Competition Period and the skill of the Participants. \nb. All Prizes are subject to Competition Sponsor's review and verification of the Participant’s eligibility and compliance with these Rules, and the compliance of the winning Submissions with the Submissions Requirements. In the event that the Submission demonstrates non-compliance with these Competition Rules, Competition Sponsor may at its discretion take either of the following actions: (i) disqualify the Submission(s); or (ii) require the potential winner to remediate within one week after notice all issues identified in the Submission(s) (including, without limitation, the resolution of license conflicts, the fulfillment of all obligations required by software licenses, and the removal of any software that violates the software restrictions).\nc. A potential winner may decline to be nominated as a Competition winner in accordance with Section 3.8.\nd. Potential winners must return all required Prize acceptance documents within two (2) weeks following notification of such required documents, or such potential winner will be deemed to have forfeited the prize and another potential winner will be selected. Prize(s) will be awarded within approximately thirty (30) days after receipt by Competition Sponsor or Kaggle of the required Prize acceptance documents. Transfer or assignment of a Prize is not allowed. \ne. You are not eligible to receive any Prize if you do not meet the Eligibility requirements in Section 2.7 and Section 3.1 above.\nf. If a Team wins a monetary Prize, the Prize money will be allocated in even shares between the eligible Team members, unless the Team unanimously opts for a different Prize split and notifies Kaggle before Prizes are issued.\n\n####10. TAXES\na. ALL TAXES IMPOSED ON PRIZES ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE WINNERS. Payments to potential winners are subject to the express requirement that they submit all documentation requested by Competition Sponsor or Kaggle for compliance with applicable state, federal, local and foreign (including provincial) tax reporting and withholding requirements. Prizes will be net of any taxes that Competition Sponsor is required by law to withhold. If a potential winner fails to provide any required documentation or comply with applicable laws, the Prize may be forfeited and Competition Sponsor may select an alternative potential winner. Any winners who are U.S. residents will receive an IRS Form-1099 in the amount of their Prize.\n\n####11. GENERAL CONDITIONS\na. All federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations apply.\n\n####12. PUBLICITY\na. You agree that Competition Sponsor, Kaggle and its affiliates may use your name and likeness for advertising and promotional purposes without additional compensation, unless prohibited by law.\n\n####13. PRIVACY\na. You acknowledge and agree that Competition Sponsor and Kaggle may collect, store, share and otherwise use personally identifiable information provided by you during the Kaggle account registration process and the Competition, including but not limited to, name, mailing address, phone number, and email address (“Personal Information”). Kaggle acts as an independent controller with regard to its collection, storage, sharing, and other use of this Personal Information, and will use this Personal Information in accordance with its Privacy Policy <[www.kaggle.com/privacy][6]>, including for administering the Competition. As a Kaggle.com account holder, you have the right to request access to, review, rectification, portability or deletion of any personal data held by Kaggle about you by logging into your account and/or contacting Kaggle Support at <[www.kaggle.com/contact][7]>.\nb. As part of Competition Sponsor performing this contract between you and the Competition Sponsor, Kaggle will transfer your Personal Information to Competition Sponsor, which acts as an independent controller with regard to this Personal Information. As a controller of such Personal Information, Competition Sponsor agrees to comply with all U.S. and foreign data protection obligations with regard to your Personal Information. Kaggle will transfer your Personal Information to Competition Sponsor in the country specified in the Competition Sponsor Address listed above, which may be a country outside the country of your residence. Such country may not have privacy laws and regulations similar to those of the country of your residence.\n\n####14. WARRANTY, INDEMNITY AND RELEASE \na. You warrant that your Submission is your own original work and, as such, you are the sole and exclusive owner and rights holder of the Submission, and you have the right to make the Submission and grant all required licenses. You agree not to make any Submission that: (i) infringes any third party proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, industrial property rights, personal or moral rights or any other rights, including without limitation, copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret, privacy, publicity or confidentiality obligations, or defames any person; or (ii) otherwise violates any applicable U.S. or foreign state or federal law.\nb. To the maximum extent permitted by law, you indemnify and agree to keep indemnified Competition Entities at all times from and against any liability, claims, demands, losses, damages, costs and expenses resulting from any of your acts, defaults or omissions and/or a breach of any warranty set forth herein. To the maximum extent permitted by law, you agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Competition Entities from and against any and all claims, actions, suits or proceedings, as well as any and all losses, liabilities, damages, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) arising out of or accruing from: (a) your Submission or other material uploaded or otherwise provided by you that infringes any third party proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, industrial property rights, personal or moral rights or any other rights, including without limitation, copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret, privacy, publicity or confidentiality obligations, or defames any person; (b) any misrepresentation made by you in connection with the Competition; (c) any non-compliance by you with these Rules or any applicable U.S. or foreign state or federal law; (d) claims brought by persons or entities other than the parties to these Rules arising from or related to your involvement with the Competition; and (e) your acceptance, possession, misuse or use of any Prize, or your participation in the Competition and any Competition-related activity.\nc. You hereby release Competition Entities from any liability associated with: (a) any malfunction or other problem with the Competition Website; (b) any error in the collection, processing, or retention of any Submission; or (c) any typographical or other error in the printing, offering or announcement of any Prize or winners.\n\n####15. INTERNET\na. Competition Entities are not responsible for any malfunction of the Competition Website or any late, lost, damaged, misdirected, incomplete, illegible, undeliverable, or destroyed Submissions or entry materials due to system errors, failed, incomplete or garbled computer or other telecommunication transmission malfunctions, hardware or software failures of any kind, lost or unavailable network connections, typographical or system/human errors and failures, technical malfunction(s) of any telephone network or lines, cable connections, satellite transmissions, servers or providers, or computer equipment, traffic congestion on the Internet or at the Competition Website, or any combination thereof, which may limit a Participant’s ability to participate.\n\n####16. RIGHT TO CANCEL, MODIFY OR DISQUALIFY\na. If for any reason the Competition is not capable of running as planned, including infection by computer virus, bugs, tampering, unauthorized intervention, fraud, technical failures, or any other causes which corrupt or affect the administration, security, fairness, integrity, or proper conduct of the Competition, Competition Sponsor reserves the right to cancel, terminate, modify or suspend the Competition. Competition Sponsor further reserves the right to disqualify any Participant who tampers with the submission process or any other part of the Competition or Competition Website. Any attempt by a Participant to deliberately damage any website, including the Competition Website, or undermine the legitimate operation of the Competition is a violation of criminal and civil laws. Should such an attempt be made, Competition Sponsor and Kaggle each reserves the right to seek damages from any such Participant to the fullest extent of the applicable law.\n\n####17. NOT AN OFFER OR CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT\na. Under no circumstances will the entry of a Submission, the awarding of a Prize, or anything in these Rules be construed as an offer or contract of employment with Competition Sponsor or any of the Competition Entities. You acknowledge that you have submitted your Submission voluntarily and not in confidence or in trust. You acknowledge that no confidential, fiduciary, agency, employment or other similar relationship is created between you and Competition Sponsor or any of the Competition Entities by your acceptance of these Rules or your entry of your Submission.\n\n####18. DEFINITIONS\na. \"Competition Data\" are the data or datasets available from the Competition Website for the purpose of use in the Competition, including any prototype or executable code provided on the Competition Website. The Competition Data will contain private and public test sets. Which data belongs to which set will not be made available to Participants. \nb. An “Entry” is when a Participant has joined, signed up, or accepted the rules of a competition. Entry is required to make a Submission to a competition.\nc. A “Final Submission” is the Submission selected by the user, or automatically selected by Kaggle in the event not selected by the user, that is/are used for final placement on the competition leaderboard.\nd. A “Participant” or “Participant User” is an individual who participates in a competition by entering the competition and making a Submission.\ne. The “Private Leaderboard” is a ranked display of Participants’ Submission scores against the private test set. The Private Leaderboard determines the final standing in the competition.\nf. The “Public Leaderboard” is a ranked display of Participants’ Submission scores against a representative sample of the test data. This leaderboard is visible throughout the competition.\ng. A “Sponsor” is responsible for hosting the competition, which includes but is not limited to providing the data for the competition, determining winners, and enforcing competition rules.\nh. A “Submission” is anything provided by the Participant to the Sponsor to be evaluated for competition purposes and determine leaderboard position. A Submission may be made as a model, notebook, prediction file, or other format as determined by the Sponsor.\ni. A “Team” is one or more Participants participating together in a Kaggle competition, by officially merging together as a Team within the competition platform.\n\n [1]: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Pages/Programs.aspx\n [2]: http://www.kaggle.com/terms\n [3]: http://www.opensource.org\n [4]: http://www.opensource.org\n [5]: https://www.kaggle.com/WinningModelDocumentationGuidelines\n [6]: http://www.kaggle.com/privacy\n [7]: http://www.kaggle.com/contact\n",
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"name": "大辛庄遗址陶片拼对大赛结果验证",
"content": "**工作背景与比赛基本情况** \n为探索公众参与在考古研究中的可行路径，检验陶片拼对问题在开放竞赛条件下的研究潜力，北师香港浸会大学高等研究院和山东大学考古学院（文化遗产研究所）联合举办了 “大辛庄遗址陶片拼对大赛”。本次比赛以大辛庄遗址出土陶片为研究对象，面向社会公开发布拼对任务，鼓励参赛者基于陶片图像与编号信息，提出陶片拼对方案。 \n竞赛于 2025 年 7 月 26 日正式启动，并于 2025 年 11 月 25 日关闭参赛与提交通道。比赛采用线上参与与提交的方式，主办方共向参赛者提供了近 2000 个经筛选整理的陶片图像及相关基础信息。参赛者需在规定时间内完成拼对判断并提交结果，提交内容需明确列出被认为存在拼对关系的陶片编号组合，并附以必要的拼对依据或示意说明。赛后，主办方对符合提交规范且具备明确拼对关系的成果组织开展实物验证。\n\n**工作目的** \n 为检验“大辛庄陶片拼对大赛”参赛者提交成果的科学性、准确性与可复核性，进一步筛选和确认高质量拼对结果，项目组于2025年12月27在大辛庄遗址博物馆组织开展了陶片拼对成果的实地验证工作。本次实地验证对象为大赛共收到的 17 组陶片拼对提交结果。 \n本次工作的主要目的包括： \n1. 核实参赛者所提交陶片拼对关系的真实性与合理性； \n2. 评估拼对成果在实物条件下的吻合程度； \n3. 为后续研究、展示或建档提供可靠依据。 \n\n**验证对象与材料来源** \n- 验证对象 \n 大赛共收到 17 组团队的比赛结果，其中有 2 组提交了符合要求的陶片拼对成果并进入实地验证环节。每组验证对象均包含若干件陶片及对应的拼对说明材料（包括图像、编号及拼对示意等）。其余参赛队伍虽提交了阶段性成果，但提交内容主要以陶片分组或聚类结果为主，未形成明确、可核验的一一对应拼对关系，不符合实地验证所需的拼对成果提交标准，故未纳入本次实地验证范围。 \n- 实物材料 \n 验证所用陶片均来自大辛庄遗址考古发掘出土标本，现保存于大辛庄遗址博物馆。 \n 所有陶片均保持原有编号与信息标签，确保验证过程中的可追溯性。 \n\n**实地验证组织方式** \n验证时间与地点 \n 时间：2025年12月27日--12月28日 \n 地点：大辛庄遗址博物馆库房 \n\n\n\n\n图1 现场验证情况（济南大辛庄遗址博物馆库房）\n\n参与人员 \n 项目负责人与考古专业研究人员 \n\n工作分组与分工 \n 按拼对成果编号逐组进行核验，并形成一致意见。\n\n**实地验证方法与流程** \n 本次实地验证采用“实物比对 + 技术观察 + 综合判断”相结合的方法，具体流程如下： \n1. 资料核对 \n对照参赛者提交的拼对说明材料，核实陶片编号、数量及对应关系； \n确认提交材料与实物标本一致，无编号混淆或遗漏。 \n\n2. 实物直接拼对 \n在自然光或稳定灯光条件下，将相关陶片进行实物拼接； \n重点观察断口是否连续、贴合是否自然，避免强行拼合。 \n\n3. 关键技术指标观察 \n从以下方面进行系统比对： \n断口形态：断面起伏、边缘走向是否吻合； \n胎质特征：胎土颜色、颗粒粗细、夹砂情况； \n器表信息：纹饰、表面处理痕迹； \n器壁厚度与弧度：是否属于同一器物的同一部位； \n\n4. 记录与拍照 \n对每组拼对结果进行文字记录； \n拍摄拼对状态照片，作为验证档案留存。 \n\n**判定标准** \n根据实地验证情况，对拼对成果分别作出判定，主要分为以下几类： \n1. 确认拼对成立\n断口连续、技术特征高度一致； \n可明确判断为同一器物的可靠拼对。 \n\n2. 基本成立 \n参赛者提交的拼对方案与实物拼对时的断口匹配边缘存在一定差异，但通过实地比对，部分陶片之间仍显示出可拼接关系。\n\n3. 拼对不成立 \n断口无法连续； \n胎质、器表或烧成特征存在明显差异； \n判断为不同器物。 \n\n**实地验证结果** \n队伍: de*****23@gmail.com \n正确拼对结果: 78对 \n\n\n\n\n\n图2 队伍de*****23@gmail.com提交的正确拼对结果 \n\n\n队伍: zh**an@mail.sdu.edu.cn \n正确拼对结果: 2对 \n\n\n\n图3 队伍zh**an@mail.sdu.edu.cn提交的正确拼对结果\n\n**实地验证结果概述** \n 经实地验证，在17组的参赛队伍中两组队伍存在有效提交，其中经过验证 \n参赛队伍de*****23@gmail.com成功拼对78对（含三片拼对一组，其余为两片拼对）；\n参赛队伍: zh**an@mail.sdu.edu.cn 成功拼对2对。\n\n**申诉** \n如您对比赛结果有疑问，请与2026年1月31日前发邮件到h690@uic.edu.cn",
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"content": "With the conclusion of the Daxinzhuang pottery puzzle challenge, we have received submissions from participants worldwide. As an exploratory challenge, we are delighted to see diverse perspectives and innovative solutions from all participants. Over the next month, we will conduct meticulous manual comparisons of the submissions. Once all assembly work is completed, detailed scoring results will be promptly released.\n\n*Since kaggle cannot view submission files, we will use the files submitted to h690@uic.edu.cn as the standard.*\n\n随着本次大辛庄陶片拼接赛的落幕，我们收到了来自全球各地的参赛成果。作为一次富有探索意义的赛事，我们欣喜地见证了各位参赛者从多元视角出发，贡献了丰富多样的解决方案。在接下来的一个月里，我们将对大家的参赛成果进行细致的人工拼接比对，待所有拼接工作完成后，将及时公布详尽的拼接评分结果。\n\n*由于kaggle无法查看提交文件，我们将以h690@uic.edu.cn 收到的提交文件为准。*",
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"name": "Description",
"content": "Ever wondered if artificial intelligence could unlock the mysteries of a lost civilization? Now's your chance! We're thrilled to announce the Great Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle AI Challenge on Kaggle. This unique competition fuses cutting-edge machine learning with the enigmatic world of the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), offering a chance to reshape how we uncover the past.\n\nImagine thousands of broken pottery sherds, each a tiny piece of a forgotten story, brimming with the echoes of a powerful ancient civilization. For archaeologists, piecing these fragments back together is like solving a giant, intricate jigsaw puzzle – a painstaking process that can take months, even years, with often incomplete results. The sheer volume of unearthed fragments presents a monumental challenge to manual methods.\n\nOur competition centers around a truly remarkable archaeological site: Daxinzhuang, a crucial Shang Dynasty center in eastern China. Specifically, you'll be working with nearly 20,000 pottery fragments unearthed from H690, a fascinating ancient storage pit that later became a refuse dump. This pit, a circular structure with a diameter of 5.2 meters and a flat wooden-floored base, even features a central post-hole (0.2 meters in diameter, 1.3 meters deep) indicating its original function as a granary. The pit's deep, 4-meter deposit, divided into 14 layers, yielded not only pottery but also animal bones and even remnants of gold foil, highlighting its exceptional importance. These artifacts hold invaluable clues about the Shang Dynasty's expansion and its intricate interactions with local cultures. \n\nHowever, despite meticulous manual classification and matching, the information gleaned from H690's vast pottery collection remains limited. More systematic and highly efficient methods for classifying and matching pottery sherds are urgently needed. This is where the transformative power of artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning techniques, proves indispensable.\n\nThis isn't just a coding challenge; it's an opportunity to gain access to an exclusive dataset of authentic archaeological artifacts, solve a real-world archaeological dilemma, and help advance the application of AI in cultural heritage preservation and computational archaeology. \n\nThe core mission of this challenge is to develop powerful and innovative artificial intelligence models capable of solving the following key problems: \n\n(1) Fracture Edge Matching and Assembly: To reassemble as many excavated pottery sherds as possible. This involves developing algorithms for extracting and matching fracture edge features to compute the geometric fit of fracture edges, thereby enabling the automatic inference of pottery sherd adjacency relationships and laying the foundation for the restoration of original artifacts. Examples of successful assemblies can be found in the submission sample.\n\n(2) Vessel 3D Reconstruction: To restore assembled pottery sherds as closely as possible to their original vessel forms.\n\nTo achieve these goals, we recommend that participants first perform intelligent classification of pottery sherds based on characteristics such as clay texture and color. During the matching process, comprehensive consideration should be given to both visual features from the images and metadata such as clay type, color, decorative patterns, and artifact part, to aid in the matching. We encourage participants to explore various innovative methods, including but not limited to: \nA. Advanced image segmentation and feature extraction techniques: to precisely delineate sherd boundaries and capture subtle texture and decorative pattern details.\nB. Deep Metric Learning: to learn the similarity of pottery sherd edge features.\nC. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs): to model relationships between pottery sherds and infer potential connections.\nD. Multimodal Models: to combine visual information from pottery sherd images with structured metadata for more robust classification and matching.\n\nThis competition encourages exploratory rather than restrictive problem-solving approaches, and diverse and creative solutions are welcome.\n\nWe call on data scientists, AI innovators, archaeologists, and curious minds worldwide to harness the power of machine learning. Your mission: develop groundbreaking AI models to automatically identify and match these ancient pottery sherds, transforming a laborious process into a triumph of technology. \n\nThis is far more than just a coding challenge; it's an unparalleled opportunity to access an exclusive and challenging dataset of authentic and irreplaceable archaeological artifacts, solve a real-world puzzle, and contribute to the advancement of AI in cultural heritage preservation and computational archaeology. Your intelligent solutions will not merely be lines of code; Your algorithms will weave together fragments of history, connecting ancient stories to modern innovation.\n\n**For details regarding the datasets, please refer to The Great Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle Challenge - Description.pdf.**\n\nJoin this groundbreaking interdisciplinary adventure. Let’s wield AI to piece together the Shang Dynasty’s legacy, one sherd at a time, to unlock the grandeur of the Shang Dynasty!\n\nThis competition is organized by the Institute for Advanced Study at Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University and the School of Archaeology (Institute of Cultural Heritage) at Shandong University.\n\n你是否想过，人工智能可以如何揭开失落文明的秘密？现在，这个时刻来了！我们隆重推出“大辛庄陶片拼合AI挑战赛” - 一场融合尖端机器学习技术与商代考古的国际赛事，诚邀您一同开启科技赋能历史的新篇章。\n\t\n想象成千上万的陶器碎片，每一片都铭刻着三千多年前的故事。考古学家们面临着一个艰巨的挑战：将这些碎片拼合成完整的器物，仿佛在解一个复杂且残缺的拼图。这一过程耗时数月甚至数年，成果却常常不尽如人意。\n\t\n济南大辛庄遗址，商朝东方的重要聚落，为我们提供了这一挑战的舞台。2003年发掘的H690是一座直径5.2米、深4米的圆形储藏坑，后转为垃圾坑，内含14层堆积，出土了近20,000片陶器碎片、动物骨骼及珍贵的金箔残片。显示了其重要性与特殊性。因此，对H690出土陶器进行系统深入的研究，对于了解商王朝在大辛庄遗址的活动以及商族与本地东夷族的复杂互动具有极其重要的意义 。\n\t\n面对这么多陶片，怎么才能又快又好地把它们分类、拼好，从中找出更多的历史信息呢？这正是考古学界急需解决的难题。人工智能和深度学习技术无疑是当下最合适的方法之一，它们是处理大数据和识别模式的“超级武器” 。\n\n本次挑战的核心使命是开发强大且创新的人工智能模型，能够解决以下关键问题：\n\n(1) 断茬匹配拼合： 将出土的陶片尽可能多地重新拼对起来 。通过开发断茬边缘特征提取与匹配算法，对断茬边缘形状几何匹配度进行计算，实现陶片邻接关系的自动推断，从而为原始器物复原奠定基础 。拼合成功的案例参见提交样例 。\n\n(2)器形三维重建： 将拼合起来的陶片尽可能按照原始器形复原 。\n\n为实现这些目标，我们建议参赛者首先对陶片进行智能分类，将出土的陶片按照陶质、陶色等进行分类，在拼对的过程中综合考虑陶片图像特征与元数据，如陶质、陶色、纹饰、器型部位等辅助拼对 。我们鼓励参赛者探索各种创新方法，包括但不限于 ：\n\n先进的图像分割和特征提取技术：精确描绘陶片边界，捕捉细微的纹理和纹饰细节 。\n\n深度度量学习 (Deep Metric Learning) 来学习陶片边缘特征的相似度 。\n\n图神经网络 (Graph Neural Networks) 建模陶片之间的关系，推断潜在连接关系 。\n\n多模态模型 (Multimodal Models)：结合陶片图像的视觉信息与结构化元数据，以实现更稳健的分类和匹配 。\n\n本次竞赛鼓励采用探索性而非限制性的问题解决方法，欢迎多样化和创造性的解决方案 。\n\t\n我们诚挚地邀请全球的数据科学家、AI开发者、考古学家以及所有对文化遗产保护有浓厚兴趣的朋友们，一起来用先进的机器学习技术，开发出能够自动识别并精确匹配商代陶片连接关系的创新模型 。这不仅仅是一场技术实力的巅峰对决，更是一次推动科技深度服务人文的实践！ 你将有机会接触并分析真实、充满挑战性的独一无二的考古数据；解决真正的考古难题，直接帮助考古学家高效地整理和分析珍贵文物，为历史研究提供前所未有的强大支持；拓展AI的应用范围，推动人工智能在考古以及文化遗产保护领域的深入用，为“计算考古学”这一新兴且充满潜力的领域注入蓬勃生机；搭建连接历史与未来的桥梁，你的智慧结晶，将不仅仅是冰冷的代码，它会成为连接尘封往事和现代科技的宏伟纽带 。\n\n**关于竞赛数据集等详情，请参考The Great Daxinzhuang Pottery Puzzle Challenge - Description.pdf**\n\t\n期待你的加入，让我们一起揭开大辛庄陶片背后千年的秘密，用AI的力量重现商代的辉煌！\n\n本次竞赛主办单位：北师香港浸会大学高等研究院与山东大学考古学院（文化遗产研究院）\n",
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"name": "Evaluation",
"content": "The ultimate goal of this competition is to develop algorithms that can accurately identify as many true pottery sherd connections as possible. Success in this endeavor will directly facilitate the virtual reconstruction of original vessel forms, providing crucial insights for archaeological analysis. Submissions will be evaluated based on a combination of metrics designed to assess different aspects of this complex task: \n\n**Matching Accuracy (70%) **\n\tThis metric will evaluate the correctness of predicted pairwise connections between pottery sherds. Participants will submit pairs of sherd_ids that they believe are connected. The judging panel will verify the results through objective algorithms and manual cross-referencing, ensuring the accuracy and fairness of the evaluation.\n\n**Object Completeness (15%) **\n\tThis metric measures the overall proportion of the pottery vessel that can be restored after assembly (based on comparison with reference shapes). This metric aims to reward solutions that not only find correct individual pairings but also contribute to forming larger, more continuous fragments of the original vessels. This will be evaluated by quantitatively comparing predicted vessel reconstruction data (such as 3D models or key geometric points) with provided reference shapes.\n\n**Solution Report Quality & Innovation (15%) **\n\tModel Robustness and Speed: The number of pottery sherds that can be processed, runtime, and other relevant factors will be considered to assess the model's effectiveness in practical applications.\n\tInnovation and Technical Documentation Quality: The innovativeness of the model concept, code standardization, completeness of documentation, etc., will be evaluated.\t\n\n\n使用算法利用陶片的边缘断茬、纹饰、陶质、陶色等标志性特征，将陶片尽可能多地拼合起来，并尽可能复原陶器的原始形状。每支参赛队伍正确拼合陶片的数量越多，器形复原越多，排名越靠前，最多者获胜。\n\n本次竞赛的最终目标是开发能够准确识别尽可能多真实陶片连接的算法。在这方面的成功将直接促进原始器物形态的虚拟重建，为考古分析提供重要的见解。提交作品的评估将基于一系列旨在评估这一复杂任务不同方面的指标组合。\n\n**拼接准确度（70%）**\n该指标将评估预测的陶片间成对连接的正确性。参赛者将提交他们认为连接的 sherd_id 对。评委会会通过抽样进行人工核对。\n\n**器形完整度（15%）**\n拼合后可还原的陶器整体比例（基于参考器形对比）。该指标旨在奖励那些不仅找到正确的单个配对，而且有助于形成更大、更连续的原始器物片段的解决方案。\n\n**解决方案报告质量与创新性 （15%）**\n模型鲁棒性与速度\n可处理的陶片数量、运行时间等。\n创新性与技术文档质量\n模型构思创新度、代码规范性、说明文档完整性。",
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"name": "Prizes",
"content": "First Prize: 1 winner, $10,000 USD \nSecond Prize: 1 winner, $5,000 USD \nThird Prize: 1 winner, $2,000 USD\n\n一等奖1名：10,000美金\n二等奖1名：5,000 美金\n三等奖1名：2,000美金",
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"name": "Q&A",
"content": "Q: **What format should I use to submit my results?** \nA: Please pack your submission results into a zip file. The zip file should contain a CSV file, assembled images for all groups (each group must include both the exterior and interior images of the pottery shards), main code files (Python or other supported platform languages), 3D model files (if any, optional), and a technical documentation (PDF).\nPlease send the documents to h690@uic.edu.cn as well.\n\n*Regarding the CSV file:* \nPlease refer to the `submission_template.csv` file in the root directory. \nYour CSV should contain only two columns: Assembly Group name(`Assembly Group`), and all image filenames included in that group (`image_id`both exterior and interior sides must be listed). \n\n*Naming conventions*: \nName assembly groups in the format AssemblyGroup* (e.g., AssemblyGroup1). \nName the exterior and interior images for each group as: \n`AssemblyGroup*_exterior.jpg` \n`AssemblyGroup*_interior.jpg` \nUse the original image filenames from `h690/h690/shred_images` in the `image_id` column of your CSV. \n\nYou may organize your files as follows: \n```\nSubmission.zip\n├── submission.csv\n├── AssemblyGroup1_exterior.jpg\n├── AssemblyGroup1_interior.jpg\n├── AssemblyGroup2_exterior.jpg\n├── AssemblyGroup2_interior.jpg\n├── 3DModel/ [Folder]\n├── SourceCode/ [Folder]\n└── Doc.pdf\n```\n\nQ：**我应该使用什么格式提交结果？** \nA：请将您的提交结果打包为一个 zip 文件。该压缩包内应包含一个 CSV 文件，所有拼合组的图像（每组需包含陶片的正反两面图像），主要代码文件（Python或其他支持平台语言），三维模型文件（如有，可选）,技术说明文档（PDF）。\n请同时将文件发送邮件至h690@uic.edu.cn\n\n*关于 CSV 文件*： \n请参考根目录下的`submission_template.csv`文件。 \n您的 CSV 文件应仅包含两列数据：拼合组名称（`Assembly Group`）和该组所包含的所有图片名称（`image_id`，需同时包含正面与反面对应的图像文件）。 \n\n*关于命名规范：* \n拼合组名称请遵循 `AssemblyGroup*` 格式（例如 `AssemblyGroup1`）。 \n每组拼合结果的正反面图像应分别命名为： \n`AssemblyGroup*_exterior.jpg` （正面） \n`AssemblyGroup*_interior.jpg` （反面） \n请你在 CSV 的 `image_id` 列中，使用 `h690/h690/shred_images` 目录下的原始图片文件名。 \n\n您可以参考如下结构组织提交文件：\n```\nSubmission.zip\n├── submission.csv\n├── AssemblyGroup1_exterior.jpg\n├── AssemblyGroup1_interior.jpg\n├── AssemblyGroup2_exterior.jpg\n├── AssemblyGroup2_interior.jpg\n├── 3DModel/ [文件夹]\n├── SourceCode/ [文件夹]\n└── Doc.pdf\n```\n\nQ: **Why do I get the error `Submission must have **** rows` when submitting the CSV?** \nA: This error means your CSV file does not contain the correct number of rows. Your file must include every image from the shred_images folder exactly once. For any image you couldn't assemble, please place it in a dedicated assembly group (e.g., AssemblyGroup_failed).\n\n\nQ：**提交CSV时为何提示`Submission must have **** rows`？** \nA：这是因为您提交的CSV文件行数不正确。您的文件必须包含 shred_images 文件夹内的所有图片名称，并且每个名称只能出现一次。对于任何未能成功拼合的图片，请将其单独放置在一个拼合组中（例如：AssemblyGroup_failed）\n\nQ: **Why does my submission show a score of 0?** \nA: This is a challenge-based competition where you are solving a novel problem. We do not have the complete data for all pottery fragments to enable real-time evaluation. Therefore, the scores currently displayed on the leaderboard are inaccurate. The final scoring will be performed uniformly after the competition concludes, and the results will be announced.\n\nQ：**为什么我提交后显示0分？** \nA：本次比赛是一次挑战性质的比赛，您解决的是一个从未有人解决过的问题。我们无法提供所有陶片的拼对数据，自然无法实时评价您的得分。即使您在排行榜能看到得分，也是不准确的。我们将在比赛结束后，统一对大家的提交文件进行验证，并公布得分结果。\n\n\nQ: **Will the scoring criteria be published?** \nA: We will publish them soon. \n\nQ：**是否会公布评分细则？** \nA：我们将尽快公布。\n\nQ: **How can I contact the organizing committee?** \nA: Please email h690@uic.edu.cn, and we will respond as soon as possible.\n\nQ：**我应该如何联系组委会？** \nA：请发邮件至h690@uic.edu.cn，我们会尽快回复。\n\n\n",
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